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Dermatology > Skin Appendages > Flashcards

Skin Appendages Flashcards

1
Q

Teloptosis

A

Telogen hairs falling out

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2
Q

Lag period btw loss of telogen hair and growth of a new anagen hair

A

Kenogen

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3
Q

Where hair is not found

A

Palms, soles, labia minora, lips, nails, glans, prepuce

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4
Q

AA nail changes

A

Uniform pits > trachyonycia, onychomadesis, red or spotted lunula

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5
Q

AA

A

Asssociated with higher incidence of downs and LP

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6
Q

AA pathogenesis

A

Early hair loss mediated by type 1 cytokines (IL2, IFN, TNF)
Both CD8 and 4 cells found
Normally there is low MHC 1 expr = immune privilege
25+ fhx

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7
Q

Early onset familial AA HLA

A

DR4, DR11, DQ7

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8
Q

Shear hair shafts at night with clumps of hair lost

A

Pheidole ants

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9
Q

Topical immunotherapy in AA

A

Decrease in activated T cells, decr in CD8, reduced expr of cd44- blockade of leukocyte trafficking

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10
Q

Poor prognosis in AA

A

AD, childhood onset, widespread, ophiasis, duration > 5 yrs

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11
Q

Pregnancy

A

Prolong telogen during pregnancy = hair loss after delivery

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12
Q

Cause telogen effluvium

A

Minoxodil, papulosquamous dz of scalp

Trichodynia is a common sx

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13
Q

Angrogenetic alopecia

A

Miniaturization, variable hair shaft, incr telogen hairs

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14
Q

Anagen effluvium

A

From hair shaft fracture
Sudden shut down of matrix results in shaft tapering
Severe loss with doxorubicin, nitrosureas, cyclophosphamide
Also INH

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15
Q

Male pattern

A

Incr 5 alpha reductive = inc dht
TGF beta1 mediates hair growth suppression
Narrow, short hairs, incr telogen hairs, incr kenogen
Mast cells in follicle and sparse lymho at infundibulum

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16
Q

Minoxidil

A

Promotes survival of dermal papillae cells, prolongs anagen, enlarged hair shaft diameter
Takes 2 mo, must continue

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17
Q

Follicular mucinosis

A

Mucin in ORS and seb glands

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18
Q

DLE

A

Incr anagen hairs in active dz

Loss of elastic fibers

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19
Q

Erosive pustular dermatosis

A

Class 1 steroid

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20
Q

Compound hairs

A

2 or more hairs sharing an infundibulum

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21
Q

Scalp tumors that cause alopecia

A

Syringoma, n. Sheath myxoma, steatocystoma multiplex

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22
Q

KFPD

A

May have ocular

X linked

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23
Q

Melanin production in hair

A

Cytoplasm of melanocytes
Cyclical vs continuous in epi
Braying - reduction of tyrosinase activity, few melanocytes and soles, ROS mediated damage to nuclear and mito DNA in bulbar melanocytes
Brown hair = smaller melanos
Pheomelanin = high sulfur content from the addition of cysteine to dopaquinone

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24
Q

Early graying

A

Progeria, rocyhmund thompson, book, werner

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25
Poliosis
Tietz, alezzandeini, TS, NF
26
Alternating light and dark bands
Iron deficiency, sunitinib
27
Whitening of hair
B12, IFN, chloroquine Reddish tint- diazoxide Xanthotrichia (yellow) - selenium sulfide, dihydroxyacetone
28
Hair cast
IRS remnants Girls 2-8, PSO, LP, seb derm, trichotill
29
Localized hypertrichosis
Filariasis, poems pretibial myx,
30
Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa
Spares palms/soles Cong hyper lanuginosa - dental anomalies, gingival fibromatosus
31
Acquired perforating derm
MC legs | Renal dz, DM, HIV, hypothyroidism, liver dz, hyperpara, HL, healed zoster, laser hair removal, TNF inh
32
Traumatic anserine folliculosis
Follicular hyperkeratosis from friction Elbows, etc 2/3 of pt are atopic
33
Generalized lichen spinulosis
HIV and alcoholism | Tends to involuted at puberty
34
Frey
>1/3 after parotid surgery
35
Generalized hyperhidrosis
Parkinson's, anticholinesterases, antidepr, antiglaucoma, bladder stimulants, opioids
36
Generalized anhidrosis
ED, sjogrens, multi myeloma, fabry, diabetic neuropathy, antichol, antidep, antihistamines, antihyoertensives, antiemetic, antivertigo, gastric antisecretory, m. Relaxants, neuromuscular paralytics, opioids * over lesions of segmental vitiligo, bazex
37
Anhidrosis with pruritus
Young adults Fine papules appear with elevated temp Cooling Misdial with cholinergic urticaria
38
Segmental anhidrosis with tonic pupils
Ross syndrome Selective degeneration of cholinergic sudomotor neurons
39
Bromhidrosis
Bacterial decompensation of apocrine sweat producing fatty acids with odor Trimethylene produced from carnitine and choline in diet and normally broken down in liver, AD form in flavin oxidizing monoxygenase 3
40
Chromhidrosis
Apocrine sweat Face or axilla Yellow MC Caused by lipofuscin Eccrine chromhidrosis from dyes on skin surface, liver failure, deep green macules on palms/soles
41
Fox fordyce
Foam cells histo marker | Improves with ocps and pregnancy
42
NEH with sclerodermoid changes
May herald an AML relapse
43
NEH
G CSf, imatinib, Tylenol, azt, serratia, enterobacter, nocardia, staph, HIV Palmoplantar hidradenitis - recurrent, triggered by cold, damp
44
Other LP nail changes
Erythronychia, nail degloving (shedding of the nail apparatus) Clob + tazorac
45
Pso nails
Severity may correlate with joint or skin dz Reiters, sezary, PRP, bazex - no pitting but hypertrophic nails with subungual hyperkeratosis 5FU may help, avoid free edge bc causes distal onycholysis
46
Clubbing
Pachyderm, HIV, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy causes painful clubbing with bronchogenic CA UL in sarcoid and takayasu
47
She'll nail syndrome
Bronchiectasis | Nail resembles clubbed nail but nailbed is atrophic instead of bulbous
48
Koilonychia
CAD, syphilis, polycythemia, AN, cold seasonal dz, moniletrix, PSO, LP, raynauds, scleroderma, steatocystoma multiplex
49
UL trachyonychia
CRPS | 50% clear in 6 yrs
50
Onychogryphosis
MC neglect, may be peripheral vascular d/o
51
Onychophosis
Common in elderly Hyperkeratosis tissue on lateral or prox nailfold 1st and 5th toe
52
Cooks syndrome
Bl nail hypoplasia of nails 1and3, absc of digits 4&5 nails, abs of all toenails, hypoplasia of distal phalanges Other anonychia causes- door, sjs, glossopalatine syndrome ( tongue attached to tmj), R spondin 4 mutation (normally activate wnt pway)
53
Onychomadesis
Periodic shedding of nail beginning proximally | Neurological d/o, peritoneal dialysis, CTCL, PV, runners, chemo, azithromycin, retinoids
54
Absent lunula, splinter hem, half and half nails MC in hemodialysis
Leukonychia in tx pts
55
Muehrckes
Nailbed not nail plate (vs mee)
56
Mees
Aortic anyerism, parasite inf
57
Stippled nails
Pinpoint depr in nl nail
58
Chevron nail
Arise from proximal nailfold
59
Retronychia
In growing of nail plate into proximal nail fold | Avulsion is curative
60
Partial leukonychia
Tb, nephritis, CRPS, HL, chilblains, Hansen Partial - typhoid fever, leprosy, cirrhosis, UC, nail biting Syndrome with leukonychia totalis, multiple seb cysts, renal calculus reported
61
Erythronychia
LP, dariers
62
Blue nails
Hgb M dz, acrolabial telangietasias, fu, mino, imipramine, mepacrine, hu, phenolphthalein, azidothymidine

Dermatology (28 decks)

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