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Dermatology > Skin Appendages > Flashcards

Skin Appendages Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Teloptosis

A

Telogen hairs falling out

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2
Q

Lag period btw loss of telogen hair and growth of a new anagen hair

A

Kenogen

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3
Q

Where hair is not found

A

Palms, soles, labia minora, lips, nails, glans, prepuce

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4
Q

AA nail changes

A

Uniform pits > trachyonycia, onychomadesis, red or spotted lunula

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5
Q

AA

A

Asssociated with higher incidence of downs and LP

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6
Q

AA pathogenesis

A

Early hair loss mediated by type 1 cytokines (IL2, IFN, TNF)
Both CD8 and 4 cells found
Normally there is low MHC 1 expr = immune privilege
25+ fhx

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7
Q

Early onset familial AA HLA

A

DR4, DR11, DQ7

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8
Q

Shear hair shafts at night with clumps of hair lost

A

Pheidole ants

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9
Q

Topical immunotherapy in AA

A

Decrease in activated T cells, decr in CD8, reduced expr of cd44- blockade of leukocyte trafficking

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10
Q

Poor prognosis in AA

A

AD, childhood onset, widespread, ophiasis, duration > 5 yrs

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11
Q

Pregnancy

A

Prolong telogen during pregnancy = hair loss after delivery

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12
Q

Cause telogen effluvium

A

Minoxodil, papulosquamous dz of scalp

Trichodynia is a common sx

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13
Q

Angrogenetic alopecia

A

Miniaturization, variable hair shaft, incr telogen hairs

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14
Q

Anagen effluvium

A

From hair shaft fracture
Sudden shut down of matrix results in shaft tapering
Severe loss with doxorubicin, nitrosureas, cyclophosphamide
Also INH

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15
Q

Male pattern

A

Incr 5 alpha reductive = inc dht
TGF beta1 mediates hair growth suppression
Narrow, short hairs, incr telogen hairs, incr kenogen
Mast cells in follicle and sparse lymho at infundibulum

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16
Q

Minoxidil

A

Promotes survival of dermal papillae cells, prolongs anagen, enlarged hair shaft diameter
Takes 2 mo, must continue

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17
Q

Follicular mucinosis

A

Mucin in ORS and seb glands

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18
Q

DLE

A

Incr anagen hairs in active dz

Loss of elastic fibers

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19
Q

Erosive pustular dermatosis

A

Class 1 steroid

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20
Q

Compound hairs

A

2 or more hairs sharing an infundibulum

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21
Q

Scalp tumors that cause alopecia

A

Syringoma, n. Sheath myxoma, steatocystoma multiplex

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22
Q

KFPD

A

May have ocular

X linked

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23
Q

Melanin production in hair

A

Cytoplasm of melanocytes
Cyclical vs continuous in epi
Braying - reduction of tyrosinase activity, few melanocytes and soles, ROS mediated damage to nuclear and mito DNA in bulbar melanocytes
Brown hair = smaller melanos
Pheomelanin = high sulfur content from the addition of cysteine to dopaquinone

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24
Q

Early graying

A

Progeria, rocyhmund thompson, book, werner

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25
Q

Poliosis

A

Tietz, alezzandeini, TS, NF

26
Q

Alternating light and dark bands

A

Iron deficiency, sunitinib

27
Q

Whitening of hair

A

B12, IFN, chloroquine

Reddish tint- diazoxide
Xanthotrichia (yellow) - selenium sulfide, dihydroxyacetone

28
Q

Hair cast

A

IRS remnants

Girls 2-8, PSO, LP, seb derm, trichotill

29
Q

Localized hypertrichosis

A

Filariasis, poems pretibial myx,

30
Q

Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa

A

Spares palms/soles

Cong hyper lanuginosa - dental anomalies, gingival fibromatosus

31
Q

Acquired perforating derm

A

MC legs

Renal dz, DM, HIV, hypothyroidism, liver dz, hyperpara, HL, healed zoster, laser hair removal, TNF inh

32
Q

Traumatic anserine folliculosis

A

Follicular hyperkeratosis from friction
Elbows, etc
2/3 of pt are atopic

33
Q

Generalized lichen spinulosis

A

HIV and alcoholism

Tends to involuted at puberty

34
Q

Frey

A

> 1/3 after parotid surgery

35
Q

Generalized hyperhidrosis

A

Parkinson’s, anticholinesterases, antidepr, antiglaucoma, bladder stimulants, opioids

36
Q

Generalized anhidrosis

A

ED, sjogrens, multi myeloma, fabry, diabetic neuropathy, antichol, antidep, antihistamines, antihyoertensives, antiemetic, antivertigo, gastric antisecretory, m. Relaxants, neuromuscular paralytics, opioids

  • over lesions of segmental vitiligo, bazex
37
Q

Anhidrosis with pruritus

A

Young adults
Fine papules appear with elevated temp
Cooling
Misdial with cholinergic urticaria

38
Q

Segmental anhidrosis with tonic pupils

A

Ross syndrome

Selective degeneration of cholinergic sudomotor neurons

39
Q

Bromhidrosis

A

Bacterial decompensation of apocrine sweat producing fatty acids with odor

Trimethylene produced from carnitine and choline in diet and normally broken down in liver, AD form in flavin oxidizing monoxygenase 3

40
Q

Chromhidrosis

A

Apocrine sweat
Face or axilla
Yellow MC
Caused by lipofuscin

Eccrine chromhidrosis from dyes on skin surface, liver failure, deep green macules on palms/soles

41
Q

Fox fordyce

A

Foam cells histo marker

Improves with ocps and pregnancy

42
Q

NEH with sclerodermoid changes

A

May herald an AML relapse

43
Q

NEH

A

G CSf, imatinib, Tylenol, azt, serratia, enterobacter, nocardia, staph, HIV

Palmoplantar hidradenitis - recurrent, triggered by cold, damp

44
Q

Other LP nail changes

A

Erythronychia, nail degloving (shedding of the nail apparatus)

Clob + tazorac

45
Q

Pso nails

A

Severity may correlate with joint or skin dz

Reiters, sezary, PRP, bazex - no pitting but hypertrophic nails with subungual hyperkeratosis

5FU may help, avoid free edge bc causes distal onycholysis

46
Q

Clubbing

A

Pachyderm, HIV, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy causes painful clubbing with bronchogenic CA

UL in sarcoid and takayasu

47
Q

She’ll nail syndrome

A

Bronchiectasis

Nail resembles clubbed nail but nailbed is atrophic instead of bulbous

48
Q

Koilonychia

A

CAD, syphilis, polycythemia, AN, cold seasonal dz, moniletrix, PSO, LP, raynauds, scleroderma, steatocystoma multiplex

49
Q

UL trachyonychia

A

CRPS

50% clear in 6 yrs

50
Q

Onychogryphosis

A

MC neglect, may be peripheral vascular d/o

51
Q

Onychophosis

A

Common in elderly
Hyperkeratosis tissue on lateral or prox nailfold
1st and 5th toe

52
Q

Cooks syndrome

A

Bl nail hypoplasia of nails 1and3, absc of digits 4&5 nails, abs of all toenails, hypoplasia of distal phalanges

Other anonychia causes- door, sjs, glossopalatine syndrome ( tongue attached to tmj), R spondin 4 mutation (normally activate wnt pway)

53
Q

Onychomadesis

A

Periodic shedding of nail beginning proximally

Neurological d/o, peritoneal dialysis, CTCL, PV, runners, chemo, azithromycin, retinoids

54
Q

Absent lunula, splinter hem, half and half nails MC in hemodialysis

A

Leukonychia in tx pts

55
Q

Muehrckes

A

Nailbed not nail plate (vs mee)

56
Q

Mees

A

Aortic anyerism, parasite inf

57
Q

Stippled nails

A

Pinpoint depr in nl nail

58
Q

Chevron nail

A

Arise from proximal nailfold

59
Q

Retronychia

A

In growing of nail plate into proximal nail fold

Avulsion is curative

60
Q

Partial leukonychia

A

Tb, nephritis, CRPS, HL, chilblains, Hansen

Partial - typhoid fever, leprosy, cirrhosis, UC, nail biting

Syndrome with leukonychia totalis, multiple seb cysts, renal calculus reported

61
Q

Erythronychia

A

LP, dariers

62
Q

Blue nails

A

Hgb M dz, acrolabial telangietasias, fu, mino, imipramine, mepacrine, hu, phenolphthalein, azidothymidine

Dermatology (28 decks)

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