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Nursing - Bloomberg > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

Macular

A

Small, flat colour change Less than 1cm Ex. Freckles

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2
Q

Patch

A

Flat colour change More than 1cm

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3
Q

Papule

A

Shallow Ex. Nevus (mole)

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4
Q

Nodule

A

Deeper into dermis

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5
Q

Tumor

A

Larger, firm or soft

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6
Q

Urtricaria

A

Hives (wheals)

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7
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid filled, raised Less than 1cm Ex. Mosquito bite

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8
Q

Bulla

A

Fluid filled, raised Greater than 1cm Ex. Blister

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9
Q

Cyst

A

Fluid filled, encapsulated Into dermis this tighter surface

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10
Q

Pustules

A

Not clear liquid (white or yellow)

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11
Q

Crust Lesion

A

Dried sebum, pie, or blood

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12
Q

Scale

A

Compact flakes of skin

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13
Q

Ulcer

A

Extends into dermis

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14
Q

Fissure

A

Linear cleavage

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15
Q

Excoriation

A

From an external source Reddening, rubbing

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16
Q

Atrophic Scar

A

Depression

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17
Q

Lichenification

A

Tightly packed papules Result of scratching

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18
Q

Laceration

A

Cut

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19
Q

Keloid

A

Hypertrophic scar Elevated & extended

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20
Q

Hemangioma

A

Raised from blood vessels

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21
Q

Port-wine stain

A

Flat on epidermis

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22
Q

Telangiectases

A

Blood vessels permanently dilated on surface Ex. Spider avulsions

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23
Q

Purpuric Lesion

A

Caused by blood flowing out of breaks in vessels and depositing in the tissue (extravascularly).

ie. Petechiae- red dots from blood vessels
ie. Purpura - petechiae become confluent patch
ie. Ecchymosis - bruise

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24
Q

Annular

A

Circular pigmentes lesion

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25
Q

Confluent

A

Pigmented lesions merge together, with no discernible outlines. Ex. Hives

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26
Q

Discrete

A

Independent lesions Ex. Acne

27
Q

Grouped

A

Tightly packed vesicles/lesions Ex. Contact dermatitis Ex. Poison ivy

28
Q

Gyrate

A

Twisted, snake-like lesions

29
Q

Target

A

Concentric rings around lesion

30
Q

Polycyclic

A

Annular lesions grow together, still discrete

31
Q

Zosteriform

A

Lesions follows nerve track pathway Ex. Shingles (along armpit)

32
Q

Linear lesion

A

Ex. Incision, scratch

33
Q

ABCDE of Pigmented Lesions

A

Asymmetrical Border irregularities Colour variation Diameter over 6mm Elevation & Enlargement

34
Q
A

Nodule

35
Q
A

Wheal = superficial, raised, tansient, and erythematous. Slightly irregular shape due to edema.

Utricaria (hives) = Wheals that coalesce to form extensive reaction

36
Q
A

Vesicle = blister, elevated cavity containing free fluid. Less than 1cm.

Bulla = single-chambered in epidermis. Greater than 1cm.

37
Q
A

Cyst = encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevated skin.

38
Q
A

Pustule = cavity filled with turbid fluid (pus)

cicumscribed and elevated

39
Q
A

Crust = thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst

40
Q
A

Scale = compact, dessicated flakes of skin

dry or greasy

41
Q
A

Fissure = linear crack with abrupt edges, extending into dermis

42
Q
A

Erosion = scooped-out but shallow depression. Superficial, epidermis lost, moist but not bleeding.

43
Q
A

Ulcer = deeper depression extending into dermis.

irregular shape, may bleed, and leaves scar when healed.

44
Q
A

Excoriation = self-inflicted abrasion, superficial, sometimes crusted.

45
Q
A

Scar = connective tissue (collagen) replaces normal tissue after skin lesion is repaired.

46
Q
A

Atrophic scar = depression of skin level due to loss of tissue. Thinning epidermis.

47
Q
A

Keloid = hypertrophic scar

= elevation of skin level by excess scar tissue.

48
Q
A

Lichenification = thickening of skin with production of tightly packed sets of papules, caused by prolonged intense scratching.

49
Q
A

Port Wine Stain = large flat macula, normally coving scalp or face along Cranial Nerve V. Present at birth.

50
Q
A

Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma) = raised, bright red, with well-defined borders, 2-3cm in diameter.

51
Q
A

Cavernous hemangioma (mature) = reddish blue, irregularly shaped, solid, spongy mass of blood vessels.

52
Q
A

Telangiectases = appearance of BVs on skin’s surface. Caused by vascular dilation, permanently enlarged vessels.

53
Q
A

Spider or Star Angioma = capillary radiations. Legs blanch with pressure. Associated with pregnancy, estrogen therapy, chronic liver disease, or may be normal.

54
Q
A

Venous Lake = dilation of venules and capillaries in star-shaped, linear, flaring pattern. Empty with pressure. Located near varicose veins, face, lips, ears, and chest.

55
Q
A

Petechiae = tiny punctuate hemorarhages, 1-3mm, round and discrete. Due to bleeding of superficial capillaries and do not blanch. May indicate abnormal clotting factors.

56
Q
A

Purpura = extensive patch of petechiae and echymoses, red to purple flat macular hemorrhage, over 3mm in diameter.

57
Q
A

Ecchymosis = purple patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin. >3mm

58
Q
A

Intertrigo (Candidaiasis) = scalding red, moist patches with demarcated borders, some loose sclaes, around genitals and inguinal folds. Caused by Candida fungus

59
Q
A

Impetigo = moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin erythematous base. Rupture followed by thick yellow crust. Due to contagious bacterial infection.

60
Q
A

Atopic dermitis (eczema) = erthymatous papules and vesicles with oozing crust.

61
Q
A

Tinea Corporis (ringworm) = scales are hyperpigemented in white-skinned ppl, and depigmented in darker skin tones.

62
Q
A
63
Q

What supplement helps promote wound healing and skin integrity?

A

zinc

Nursing - Bloomberg (52 decks)

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