Muskuloskeletal Assessment Flashcards
Bending limb at joint
Flexión
Straightening limb at joint
Extension
Moving limb away from midline of body
Abduction
Moving limb towards midline
Adduction
Turning forearm so palm is down
Pronation
Turning forearm so that palm is up
Supination
Moving arm around should
Circumduction
Moving sole of foot inward at ankle
Inversión
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Eversion
Moving head around central axis
Rotation
Raising body part
Elevation
Lowering body part
Depression
Shifting weight farther back on lower extremities, creating back strain
Lordosis
Loss of bone density
Osteoporosis
Where lengthening of bone occurs
Epiphyses (growth plates)
Cramping or aching feeling
Myalgia
Shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint
Contracture
Partial dislocation
Subluxation
An audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement
Crepitation
Test that reproduces numbness and burning sensations of carpal tunnel syndrome
Phalen test
Percussion of the median nerve that produces burning and tingling along its distribution
Tinel’s Sign (carpal tunnel)
Flexión deformity in opposite hip
Thomas test
Confirms presence of small amounts of fluid in suprapatellar pouch
Bulge sign
Test for larger amounts of fluid present in knee
Ballottement of Patella
Locking, giving way, or local pain in the knee
McMurry Test
A click during McMurry test indicates
Torn meniscus
Distal part of great toe directed away from midline
Hallux valgus
Test for fetal hip dislocation by comparing leg lengths
Allis Test
Test for congenital dislocation
Ortolani manoeuvre
Bowlegged stance
Genu varum
Knock knees
Genu valgum
Screen for progressive subluxation of the hip
Trendelenburg sign
Ribs “hump up” on one side as the child bends forward
Scoliosis
Due to common poor posture
Kyphosis
Head of the bed is elevated 45 to 60 degrees and patients knees are slightly elevated
Supported Fowler’s Position
Back lying position
Supone position
Lying chest down
Prone position
What position should patients be in if they experience cardiac issues, trouble breathing, or have a nasogastric tube?
Fowler’s
This position allows for drainage of the mouth after oral or neck surgery, and allows for full flexion of knee and hip joints
Prone
This position may be used to promote perfusion in obese patients
Reverse Trendelenburg
What position helps treat air embolism and prevent pulmonary aspiration?
Reverse Trendelenburg
Position for administering enemas, perineal examinations, and for comfort during pregnancy
Sims
“At rest” position, most often used in surgery
Supone
Position that used to be used to treat hypotension, during gynaecological and abdominal surgeries, and when placing central lines.
Trendelenburg
If a patient complains of joint pain that is worse in the morning, and gets better with movement, what would the nurse suspect?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic progressive inflammation of spine, sacroiliac and larger joints of the extremities, leading to bony ankylosis and deformity.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Non inflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone and formation of new bone (psteophytes) at joint surface.
Osteoarthritis
Decrease in skeletal bone mass due to increased bone resorption.
Osteoporosis
Swelling caused by excess fluid in the joint capsule
Joint effusion
Can be seen in rheumatoid arthritis
Joint effusion or synovial thickening seen first as bulge or fullness in grooves on either side of olecranon process
Gouty arthritis
