Skills, Types and Methods of Practice Flashcards
What is a motor skill?
A skill that requires movement.
What is a discrete skill?
Have a clear beginning and end.
If repeated the performer will need to start again from the beginning.
Quick skills, usually simple. eg: push pass in hockey.
What is a serial skill?
They have a number of discrete elements that are put together to make a movement or sequence.
Consists of lots of different movements that are not the same sub-routines.
eg: triple jump.
What is a continuous skill?
Have no definite beginning and end.
The end of one cycle of the movement is the start of the next.
The skill that is repeated several times to be meaningful. eg: running, cycling.
What is a H igh Organisational skill? H ard to break up.
Very closely linked sub-routines that are hard to separate.
Usually practiced as a whole.
Running, cycling
What is a Low Organisational skill?
Not closely linked sub-routines that can be easily separated and practiced by themselves.
eg: gymnastics routine.
What is Part Practice?
The separate sub-routines of low organisational skills are practiced separately.
Sub-routines then put back together, they must be meaningful to allow positive transfer.
Essential full skill is demonstrated before broken down.
What is Whole Practice?
The skill is taught as an ENTIRETY and not broken down into separate sub-routines.
Good for high organisational skills, discrete, low in complexity.
What is Progressive Part Practice?
Sub-routines of a complex skill are practiced on their own and then linked together to form larger parts and then eventually will BUILD UP to the whole skill.
Sometimes called “CHAINING”
What is Whole-Part-Whole Practice?
- Tries skill as ENTIRETY. 2. Identifies weaknesses 3. Weaknesses are practiced within isolation before being put back together to form entirety of skill. - GYMNASTICS FLOOR ROUTINE
Define and Evaluate Massed Practice?
Learners practice CONTINUOUSLY without breaks or rest intervals.
+for grooving of habitual skills, + for experienced players with high fitness levels- + to stimulate element of fatigue, Good: simple, discrete
- for de-motivation if become fatigued and cannot complete skill, -for causing tedium, -for beginners with low fitness, Bad: complex, serial
Define and Evaluate Distributive Practice?
Learners practice with breaks and rest intervals.
+for learners with low levels of motivation and fitness, +for optimum learning as rest intervals=extrinsic feedback+ maintains motivation+ complex/dangerous skills
-More time consuming than massed, -skill may have to be re-introduced after break -regular stops in flow of learning may lead to frustration.
Define and Evaluate Varied Practice?
The environment in which the skill is performed is constantly changing. +Develops decision making, info processing and perceptual skills, improves SELECTIVE ATTENTION +reaction time
-Need to have already learnt/grooved the skill into a motor programme in a fixed environment -Not suitable for closed skills.
Define and Evaluate Fixed Practice?
The environment in which the skill is practiced remains constant- same exact movements each time.
+The skill becomes habitual + Information processing demands are low +decision making is low so skill has full attention.
- can be tedious, not suitable for open skills, doesn’t allow game situation development.
