Guidance, Goal Setting and Stages of Learning Flashcards
Define Guidance?
The way in which knowledge is transmitted to the learner in order to help with the development of movement skills.
Verbal Guidance?
DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN how the skills is performed
- be concise
-ask questions
-use with another form eg: visual
+holds attention, form of feedback so reinforces, motivates
-can lead to info overload, easily distracted, not good for beginners.
Visual Guidance?
Helps form MENTAL PICTURE IN COGNITIVE PHASE.
-repeat movements, slow mo. can be useful
-vary eg: charts, pictures
+good for complex skills as can be broken down, creates mental picture, encourages observational learning
-may not be able to show adequate demonstration and if too quick the learner wont be able to follow
Manual Guidance?
PHYSICALLY MANOVERING the performer into the correct position
-moving one single body part can help
+effective for cognitive stage where don’t have kinaesthetic feel, sense of safety for complex/ dangerous skills.
-may become too reliant on being supported, can be over restrictive and too controlling, performer may pick up incorrect kinesthesis.
Mechanical Guidance?
Support using a PHYSICAL PIECE OF EQUIPMENT or MECHANICAL DEVICE
-learner must participate as much as possible
-learner must still complete realistic movement
+reduces fear in dangerous situations, increases confidence, kinesthesis awareness.
-can be over restrictive and give a lack of control, may lead to false sense of kinesthesis as not getting full sense of movement.
What are Fitts and Posner’s three stages of Learning?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
What happens in the cognitive stage?
Learner tries to create a MENTAL PICTURE.
DEMONSTARTIONS and VERBAL EXPLANATIONS
Coaches must not allow information overload
Must be given guidance to important bits to increase selective attention.
Lots of feedback and reinforcement.
Three characteristics of a performer in the Cognitive stage?
- inconsistent with skills
- lack of co-ordination that leads to lack of flow
- lot of errors (need external feedback)
What happens in the associative stage?
Longer than cognitive
Begins to eliminate errors
The “FUNDAMENTALS” of the skills are MASTERED
MOTOR PROGRAMMES are developed
A lot of practicing and refining “ THE PRACTICE PHASE”
Three characteristics of a performer in the Associative phase?
- less gross errors
- skills performed correct more consistently and skill looks smoother
- start to use internal, kinaesthetic feedback
What happens in the Autonomous stage?
MOTOR PROGRAMME is established and saved in the LONG TERM MEMORY, this can be put into action in response to an appropriate stimulus
Skills can become HABITUAL
Skills can also be dropped back down into the associative phase if practice isn’t maintained (like reversibility!)
Three characteristics of a performer in the Autonomous phase?
- skills executed with very little conscious thought and they’re self confident
- can concentrate on advanced factors eg: strategies, tactics
- they can detect and correct their own errors so less external feedback is needed. If given, needs to be extremely specific.
Why do we set goals?
Don’t Make Pasta AAnd Source Cos Risotto Tastes Amazing
Direct attention Motivation Persistence and effort is maintained Anxiety and Arousal levels can be controlled Skills/ Strategies adapted and improved Confidence Reinforcement (pve if reach goal) Technique, fitness and Tactics improved Amount of effort regulated
Goal setting: 2 MAIN ACRNONYMS
SMART- Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Recorded, Time-phased.
PPOLS (Types of Goals)- Performance eg: try to improve PB
Process eg: improving overhead clear technique
Outcome eg: winning first place in 100m race
Long term eg: win go. ld at Olympics IN 1 YEAR
Short term eg: netballer trying to improve agility over THREE WEEKS.
