Skill Acquisition - Learning Theories

Question 1

Define the cognitive stage of learning

Answer 1

The first stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub routines are explored by trial and error

Question 2

Define associative stage of learning

Answer 2

The second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother

Question 3

Define autonomous stage of learning

Answer 3

The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific

Question 4

What is a plateau

Answer 4

A period of no improvement in performance

Question 5

What is drive reduction

Answer 5

An end of task period when performance may get worse

Question 6

What is operant conditioning

Answer 6

The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated

Question 7

What is behaviourist theory

Answer 7

This attempts to explain how actions can be linked to stimulus

Question 8

What is positive reinforcement

Answer 8

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response

Question 9

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 9

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response

Question 10

What is punishment

Answer 10

An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring

Question 11

What is attention (observational learning)

Answer 11

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer

Question 12

What is retention (observational learning)

Answer 12

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it

Question 13

What is motor production (observational learning)

Answer 13

Having the mental and physical ability to do the task

Question 14

What is social development theory

Answer 14

Learning by association with others

Question 15

What is inter-psychological learning

Answer 15

Learning from others externally

Question 16

What is intra psychological learning

Answer 16

Learning from within after gaining external knowledge from others

Question 17

Define constructivism

Answer 17

Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance

Question 18

What is the zone of proximal development

Answer 18

The next stage of learning based on the performance needs, expectations and current level of performance

Question 19

What is insight learning

Answer 19

Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill

Question 20

What are the causes of a plateau

Answer 20

Lack of motivation
boredom
poor coaching
targets set too low
fatigue
limited ability

Question 21

What are solutions to plateau

Answer 21

player could find new coach
coach could offer more praise and feedback to provide motivation
rest to avoid fatigue
more variety in tasks

Question 22

What does observational learning consist of

Answer 22

Attention
Retention
Motor production
Motivation

Question 23

What is motivation (observational learning)

Answer 23

Having the drive to do the task

Question 24

What are the three key features of Operant Conditioning

Answer 24

Based on Trial and Error
Shapes Behaviour
Manipulates the Environment

Question 25

What is a Satisfier

Answer 25

An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated

Question 26

What is an annoyer

Answer 26

An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses

Question 27

What are the three stages of Vygotsky Constructivism: proximal development

Answer 27

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