Skill Acquisition Flashcards
Define skill
a learned ability to bring about predetermined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
Give the meaning of LACE FACE (the characteristics of a skill)
- L learned
- A aesthetically pleasing
- C consistent
- E efficient
- F fluent
- A accurate
- C controlled
- E economical
What is a continuum
A line with a classification extreme at each end
Define a closed skill
A skill not affected by the environment because they are predictable
What is an open skill
Skills that are affected by the unpredictable and changing environment
Example of a closed skill
Javelin - exact timing of the throw is down to the athlete. Javelin is the same weight in a similar environment
Example of an open skill
A rugby tackle - influenced by factors e.g. ball carrier, the tacklers teammate and the position on the pitch
Define a gross skill
A skill that uses large muscle groups used for large movements
Define fine skill
A skill that uses smaller muscle groups for fine movements
Example of gross skill
Rugby tackle
Example of fine skill
Throwing a dart
Define self paced skill
You decide how fast or slow you execute a skill
Define externally paced skill
A skill which the rate of execution is dictated by other people in environment
Example of self paced skill
Baseball pitcher throwing the baseball
Example of externally paced skill
Returning a Serve in tennis
Define discrete skill
A skill that has a clear beginning and end
Define a serial skill
A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement
Define a continuous skill
A skill that has no clear beginning or end
What is a high organisation skill
A skill that is not easily broken into parts
Define low organisation skill
A skill that can be easily broken down into parts
Define a simple skill
A skill that requires few decision when being performed
Define a complex skill
A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed
Give example of discrete skill
Tennis serve
Give example of serial skill
Gymnastics routines
Give example of continuous skill
Cycling
Give an example of high organisation skill
A volley in football
Give an example of a low organisation skill
Types of strokes in swimming
Give an example of a simple skill
Forward roll
Give an example of a complex skill
Hockey dribbling
Define positive transfer
When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another
Define transfer
The effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another
What is negative transfer
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
What is zero transfer
When the learning if one skill has no impact on the learning of another
What is bilateral transfer
When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
Give an example of positive transfer
- the netball pass has a similar action to the basketball pass
Give an example of negative transfer
- The tennis serve may have a negative effect on the badminton serve
Give an example of zero transfer
The swimming arm action and the foot placement in rock climbing has nothing in common and therefore there is no transfer affect between them
Give an example of bilateral transfer
A right footed footballer would be encourage to use the left foot when required, so that the impact of a shot from the left foot becomes equal to the impact of a shot with the right foot
How does a coach ensure positive transfer
- making sure training is realistic e.g. replacing cones/rugby tackle bags for real people
- make sure a skill is well learned before moving onto a more advanced skill so the player experience a slow planned progression
- reward and reinforce the players for the correct adaptation of positive transfer e.g. praise
what is whole practice
Practising the skill in its entirety
what is whole-part-whole practice
do the whole task, isolate the weakness, work on it, put the skill back together
what is progressive part practice
each part of the skill is added gradually