Sport in Industrial & Post Industrial Britain (1780-1900) Flashcards
Define rational recreation
sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled
What does ‘rational recreations’ suggest
suggests a level of order, logic and structure began to be applied to sports reflecting a more ordered industrially based society
Who was Dr William Penny Brookes
Founder of the Wenlock Olympian Games in 1850
What was the industrial revolution
mid 18th century - mid 19th century. This period marked a change in Britain from a feudal rural society into an industrialised machine based capitalist society controlled by a powerful urban middle class
What was the influence of the industrial revolution on sport in the first half of the 19th century
H - poor Health and Hygiene
I - lack of Income
T - lack of Time
F - Facility provision was lacking
O - Overcrowding
R - loss of Rights
How did migration of lower classes into urban areas affect sport in the industrial revolution
- Lower classes moved to urban area to look for work where new factories were built
- led to a loss space to play traditional mob games and overcrowding
How did a lack of leisure time affect sport in the industrial revolution
- shift from seasonal to machine time lead to long 12 hour working days 6 days a week
- the sabbath was a religious observance ‘day of rest’
- so no time to practice or play
How did a lack of income affect sport in the industrial revolution
Low wages and poverty meant little spare income for leisure pursuits
How did poor health affect sport in the industrial revolution
poor working and living conditions and a lack of hygiene meant that people had little energy to play sport
How did a loss of rights affect sport in the industrial revolution
restrictions were placed on mob games and blood sports by changes in criminal laws
How did a lack of provisions affect sport in the industrial revolution
No access to private facilities or no personal equipment for the lower classes
In the second half of the 19th century there were improvements to society what were they
- Health and hygiene improved
- increase in wages and spare time
- development of middle class
- influence of ex-public schoolboys
- industrial patronage
- improved and cheaper transport and communication
Define industrial patronage
Factory teams were set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absenteeism and encouraging loyalty in the workforce
How did the development of the middle class improve society and sport in industrial revolution
- middle class = self made men who took advantage of business opportunities
- changed ways of behaving and playing sport and was played to high moral code
- developed strict rules, league, competitions
- provided facilities via their involvement in the local council
- gave more time off work and broken time payments
Define urbanisation
Large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories
Urbanisation led to….
- lack of space
- large working class populations
- loss of traditional sports
- change in working conditions
What effect did the transport revolution have on sport
- Movement of team/spectators due to faster and further travel
- improved access to different parts of the country
- cheaper train travel allowed working class to support and travel with their teams home and away
How did communications affect sport in industrial revolution
- communications improved as society became more literate
- it increased knowledge and awareness of sport (when fixtures would take place and results etc.)
- led to emergence of sporting heroes and role models
