Diet and Nutrition Flashcards
What are the two types of carbohydrates
- simple carbohydrates
- complex carbohydrates
Give characteristics of simple carbohydrates
- quickest source of energy
- easily digested by the body
- fast release energy, used for anaerobic exercise
Where are simple carbohydrates found
Found in fruits as well as in processed foods and anything with refined sugars added
Give characteristics of complex carbohydrates
- usually take longer for the body to digest
- slow release of energy for aerobic exercise
What is the principal source of energy
Carbohydrates
What is carbohydrates digested, converted and stored as
- Digested and converted into glucose
- stored as glycogen
Where are the stores for the glycogen to be stored
- muscles
- liver
These stores are limited so regular refuelling is necessary
What are the different types of fats
- saturated fats
- cholesterol
Where are saturated fats come from
- sweet and savoury foods but mainly from animal sources
What happens if you have too much saturated fats
- excessive weight gain which leads to reduces stamina and limits flexibility
- can lead to health problems such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure
What is cholesterol
- type of fat found in the blood
What leads to high cholesterol levels
Too much saturated fats leads to high cholesterol levels
Where is cholesterol made
Predominantly in the liver
What is cholesterol carried by and transported as
- Carried in the blood
- transported as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Too much LDL can lead to…..
- Fatty deposits developing in the arteries, negative effect in the blood flow
What does HDL (high-density lipoprotein) do
takes cholesterol away from the parts of the body where it has accumulated to the liver, where it is disposed of
What are trans fats
Artificial Hydrogenated fats
Where are trans fats found
Meat and Dairy products
Trans Fats can lead to….
- High levels of blood cholesterol
- heart disease
- diabetes
When are fats used in exercise
Low intensity, aerobic work such as jogging. They require oxygen to be broken down
What is Atherosclerosis
where arteries become clogged with fatty substances.
What are proteins
A chain of amino acids
Why are proteins important
- for muscle growth and repair
- making hormones, enzymes and haemoglobin