skeleton + muscles Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeleton
support, shape, protection, movement, manufacture of blood components
what does the axial skeleton consist of
skull, spine, rubs and sternum
how many bones are in the skull
22
how many vertebrae are in the spine
33
list the 5 regions of the spine and the number of bones in each
cerivcal 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacrum 5, coccyx 4
what are all ribs attached to
vertebrae of the spine
explain the structure of a long bone
enclosed in a membrane called the periosteum which containes blood vessels and nerves. the long shaft of the bone is the diaphysis. the head of the bone is called the epiphysis
what is ossification
the replacement of cartilage into bone e.g in the human embryo
what biomolecule is a vertebral disc made from
protein
does cartilage have blood vessels/nerves
no
give another place cartilage is found other than the vertebral discs
pinna of the ear, nose, trachea
where is cartilage located on bones
covers the end of bones, acting as a shock absorber
write a short note about compact bones
made of bone cells called osteoblasts embedded in a matrix of 70% inorganic salts e.g calcium and phosphate and 30% collagen. the bone is supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
where is compact bone found
found in diaphysis and as a layer around the ends of the bone
write a note on spongey bone
contains numerous hollows and is composed of a network of thin boney bars separated by different sized shapes. the spaces are filled with red bone marrow which produce red blood cells.
where is spongey bone found
epiphysis