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lc biology > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the composition of blood

A

plasma 55%, blood cells (red,white,platelets) 45%

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2
Q

what is the pH of blood

A

7.4

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3
Q

what is plasma made of

A

90% water, dissolved substances 3%, proteins 7%

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4
Q

what is the role of plasma

A

transport medium for cells, carries heat, carries dissolved substances

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5
Q

name 4 examples of dissolved substances in the blood

A

products of digestion (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol), waste products (carbon dioxide, uric acid), homones (insulin, testosterone), plasma proteins (fibrinogen), anti-bodies, enzymes, salts

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6
Q

name the three types of blood cells

A

red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes), platelets

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7
Q

give features of red blood cells that make them fit for purpose

A

bi-concave (large surface area), flexible, numerous

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8
Q

where are red blood cells made

A

ribs, sternum, long bones in arms and legs

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9
Q

where are dead red blood cells broken down

A

liver and spleen

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10
Q

what protein do red blood cells carry

A

haemoglobin

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11
Q

what illness is associated with lack of iron in the diet

A

anaemia

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12
Q

do white blood cells have a definite shape

A

no- their shape vary

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13
Q

give three differences between leucocytes nad erythrocytes

A

leucocytes- no haemoglobin, larger than rbc, less numerous than rbc, protect against disease

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14
Q

name two types of leucocytes

A

lymphocytes, monocytes

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15
Q

where are lymphocytes made and stored?

A

made in bone marrow, matures in lymphatic tissue, stored in spleen,lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids and thymus gland

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16
Q

what is the primary function of lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies in response to bacteria/viruses

17
Q

whats another name for a monocyte

A

macrophages

18
Q

where are monocytes made

A

bone marrow

19
Q

what shape is the nucleus of a monocyte

A

kidney shaped

20
Q

what is the name given to cells that can engulf bacteria/dead cells

A

phagocytes

21
Q

what is the purpose of monocytes

A

to engulf bacteria and dead cells

22
Q

what are the symptoms of leukaemia

A

anaemia, increased risk of infection, reduces ability of blood clotting

23
Q

how is leukaemia treated

A

radiation therapy

24
Q

what is leukaemia

A

a blood cancer where white blood cells are produced too rapidly and are too immature. they end up crowding out other blood cells

25
Q

where are platelets made

A

bone marrow

26
Q

what are 2 functions of platelets

A

reduce blood loss, prevents entry of micro-organisms

27
Q

what are platelets composed of

A

cell fragments

28
Q

describe the mechanism as to how blood loss is reduced

A

vessel narrows, platelets stick to damaged cells in the blood vessel and form a temporary clot, a long lasting cut forms using 30 chemicals

29
Q

name and describe a blood disorder

A

haemophilia, blood clotting disorder where the body cannot produce one or more of the clotting factors and therefore their blood is unable to clot

30
Q

give 3 functions of the blood

A

transport of materials, protection against infection, regulation of body temperature, osmoregulation

31
Q

name the 4 blood groups

A

A, AB, B and O

32
Q

what makes blood groups differ from each other

A

based on the glycoprotein molecules present/abset on the surface of the red blood cells

33
Q

what is glycoprotein

A

carbohydrate + protein that acts as antigens

34
Q

define antigen

A

a substance that the immune system notes as foreign and produces anitbodies in response to it

35
Q

what makes a person rhesus positive/negative

A

if they have factor D present int eh blood or not

36
Q

what may happen if a blood transfusion occurs between someone who is rhesus pos and rhesus neg?

A

a serious reaction will occur as the blood believes it is under attack

37
Q

how is rhesus factor important to pregnant women?

A

during a 2nd pregnancy , if a RH- woman is carrying a RH+ baby, some factor D will make its way into the mother’s bloodstream causing the mother’s blood to attack the baby

lc biology (25 decks)

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