blood Flashcards
what is the composition of blood
plasma 55%, blood cells (red,white,platelets) 45%
what is the pH of blood
7.4
what is plasma made of
90% water, dissolved substances 3%, proteins 7%
what is the role of plasma
transport medium for cells, carries heat, carries dissolved substances
name 4 examples of dissolved substances in the blood
products of digestion (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol), waste products (carbon dioxide, uric acid), homones (insulin, testosterone), plasma proteins (fibrinogen), anti-bodies, enzymes, salts
name the three types of blood cells
red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes), platelets
give features of red blood cells that make them fit for purpose
bi-concave (large surface area), flexible, numerous
where are red blood cells made
ribs, sternum, long bones in arms and legs
where are dead red blood cells broken down
liver and spleen
what protein do red blood cells carry
haemoglobin
what illness is associated with lack of iron in the diet
anaemia
do white blood cells have a definite shape
no- their shape vary
give three differences between leucocytes nad erythrocytes
leucocytes- no haemoglobin, larger than rbc, less numerous than rbc, protect against disease
name two types of leucocytes
lymphocytes, monocytes
where are lymphocytes made and stored?
made in bone marrow, matures in lymphatic tissue, stored in spleen,lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids and thymus gland
what is the primary function of lymphocytes
produce antibodies in response to bacteria/viruses
whats another name for a monocyte
macrophages
where are monocytes made
bone marrow
what shape is the nucleus of a monocyte
kidney shaped
what is the name given to cells that can engulf bacteria/dead cells
phagocytes
what is the purpose of monocytes
to engulf bacteria and dead cells
what are the symptoms of leukaemia
anaemia, increased risk of infection, reduces ability of blood clotting
how is leukaemia treated
radiation therapy
what is leukaemia
a blood cancer where white blood cells are produced too rapidly and are too immature. they end up crowding out other blood cells
where are platelets made
bone marrow
what are 2 functions of platelets
reduce blood loss, prevents entry of micro-organisms
what are platelets composed of
cell fragments
describe the mechanism as to how blood loss is reduced
vessel narrows, platelets stick to damaged cells in the blood vessel and form a temporary clot, a long lasting cut forms using 30 chemicals
name and describe a blood disorder
haemophilia, blood clotting disorder where the body cannot produce one or more of the clotting factors and therefore their blood is unable to clot
give 3 functions of the blood
transport of materials, protection against infection, regulation of body temperature, osmoregulation
name the 4 blood groups
A, AB, B and O
what makes blood groups differ from each other
based on the glycoprotein molecules present/abset on the surface of the red blood cells
what is glycoprotein
carbohydrate + protein that acts as antigens
define antigen
a substance that the immune system notes as foreign and produces anitbodies in response to it
what makes a person rhesus positive/negative
if they have factor D present int eh blood or not
what may happen if a blood transfusion occurs between someone who is rhesus pos and rhesus neg?
a serious reaction will occur as the blood believes it is under attack
how is rhesus factor important to pregnant women?
during a 2nd pregnancy , if a RH- woman is carrying a RH+ baby, some factor D will make its way into the mother’s bloodstream causing the mother’s blood to attack the baby
