human nutrition/digestive system Flashcards
define autotrophs
organisms that make their own food e.g plants + photosynthesis
define heterotrophs
organisms that cannot make their own food e.g humans
name the three types of heterotrophs
herbivores, omnivores, carnivores
define digestion
the physical and chemical breakdown of food into simpler forms which are soluble in the bloodstreams
what is mastication
chewing
what are two benefits to physical digestion
increases surface area, makes food particles smaller and easier to swallow
what is the alimentary canal
a long hollow muscular tube which runs through the body from the mouth to the anus
name 7 parts of the digestive system
mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, bile duct, duodenum, ileum, colon, caecum, appendix, rectum, anus
name the 5 stages of human nutrition
ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
name the two ways digestion takes place in the mouth
physical breakdown by teeth, chemical breakdown by enzymes
name two types of proteases
pepsin (stomach), trypsin(pancreas)
name the 4 types of teeth
inscisors, canines, premolars, molars
write down the dental formula
2( i2/2 c 1/1 p 2/2 m 3/3 )
what is saliva made of
water, mucus, salivary amylase
what does amylase do
breaks down starch into maltose… pH 7.5 needed
what is the oesophagus lined with
circular muscles