enzymes

Question 1

what is metabolism

Answer 1

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

define catabolic

Answer 2

reactions where larger molecules break down into smaller molecules

Question 3

define anabolic

Answer 3

the build up of smaller molecules to form large ones

Question 4

define a catalyst

Answer 4

a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up

Question 5

define enzyme

Answer 5

an enzyme is a biological catalyst and is essential for life

Question 6

what are enzymes made from

Answer 6

they are proteins (usually globular)

Question 7

what is an active site

Answer 7

a specific shape that controls what substrate it acts upon. if this shape is altered, it can affect the efficiency of the enzyme

Question 8

are enzymes reversible

Answer 8

they can be catabolic or anabolic with specific substrates

Question 9

give an example of a catabolic enzyme

Answer 9

amylase breaks starch into maltose

Question 10

give an example of an anabolic enzyme

Answer 10

DNA polymerase joins small pieces of DNA to form more complex molecules

Question 11

give 2 factors that have an effect on enzyme activity

Answer 11

temperature, pH

Question 12

define denaturation

Answer 12

this is when an enzyme has lost its shape and cannot carry out its function. e.g when exposed to high temperatures

Question 13

what are immobilised enzymes

Answer 13

these are enzyme that are attached to an inert material. they’re used in bioprocessing

Question 14

what are 2 advantages of using immobilised enzymes

Answer 14

large scale production is easier, cheaper and faster, the enzymes are more stable and can be reused

Question 15

give an example of when immobilised enzymes are used

Answer 15

glucose is mode from the substrate sucrose using the enzyme sucrase.

Question 16

name the ingredients necessary used to make immobilised enzymes

Answer 16

sucrase (in yeast), sodium alginate, calcium chloride,

Question 17

define ADP

Answer 17

Adenosine DiPhosphate- it is a low energy molecule found in the cells of all organisms

Question 18

what is ADP made of

Answer 18

the base adenine, a 5 carbon sugar called ribose and two phosphate groups

Question 19

what is ATP and how is it made?

Answer 19

Adenosine TriPhosphate- is ADP + another phosphagte group. it is a high energy molecule

Question 20

what is phosphorylation

Answer 20

it is the process of adding a phosphate group e.g ADP + P = ATP

Question 21

what is NADP+

Answer 21

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate- low energy molecule involved in photosynthesis. it can join with high energy electrons to form NADPH

Question 22

define reduction

Answer 22

the addition of electrons to a molecule e.g when NADP+ combines with electrons to form NADPH

Question 23

to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme activity

Question 24

to investigate the effect of temperature on enzyme activity

Question 25

to prepare enzyme immobilisation and examine its applications

Question 26

what are energy carriers?

Answer 26

molecules that can trap and transfer energy in the form of high energy electrons e.g ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADP+