genetic crosses theory Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a gamete

A

haploid cells capable of fusion

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2
Q

what is fertilisation

A

fusion of two gametes to form a single cell with a diploid number known as a zygote

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3
Q

define locus

A

the location of a gene on a chromosome

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4
Q

define allele

A

different variations of the same gene

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5
Q

what’s a dominant allele

A

the allele prevents the working of the recessive allele, this trait is then expressed in offspring

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6
Q

what’s a recessive gene

A

the allele is prevented from working by the dominant allele

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7
Q

what are progeny

A

the offspring produced

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8
Q

define genotype

A

the genetic make up of an organism

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9
Q

define phenotype

A

the physical apperance of an organism

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10
Q

define homozygous

A

two alleles are the same e.g BB TT GG

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11
Q

define heterozygous

A

two alleles are different e.g Bb Tt Gg

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12
Q

what is incomplete dominance

A

neither allele is dominant or recessive. they work in heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype

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13
Q

how are male chromosomes represented

A

xy

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14
Q

how are female chromosomes represented

A

xx

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15
Q

explain mendel’s first law of segregation

A

characteristics are controlled by pairs of factors but only one factor can be carried in a gamete

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16
Q

explain mendel’s second law of independant assortment

A

where two or more characterisitcsare concerned the factors for these enter the gametes independantly of each other

17
Q

when would a cross not obey mendel’s second law

A

if the cross is sex linked as there is no independant assortment

18
Q

when wold a cross obey mendel’s second law

A

if the corss is not sex linked as the alleles separate from eachother and can combine with any allele from another pair

19
Q

define linkage

A

means that genes are located on the same chromosome

20
Q

explain a sex linked disorder and how to treat it

A

haemophilia - blood doesnt clot when exposed to air, treated by ingecting clotting proteins