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lc biology > monera > Flashcards

monera Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what kingdom do bacteria belong to

A

monera kingdom

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2
Q

draw a labelled diagram of a typical bacteria cell

A
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3
Q

what is the purpose of the capsule

A

protection

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4
Q

do bacteria have chromosomes

A

yes they have one bacterial chromosome

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5
Q

what is a plasmid

A

a loop of DNA which contain genes responsible for antibiotic resistance

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6
Q

what are flagella

A

these allow bacteria to move

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7
Q

name the three general types of bacteria shape

A

round, rod, spiral

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8
Q

how do bacteria reproduce

A

binary fission

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9
Q

describe how binary fission occurrs

A

dna copies itself, the cell elongates with a strand of dna at each end, it splits into simialr sized cells

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10
Q

what is an endospore

A

these form under harsh conditions and allow the bacterium to survive for long periods of time

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11
Q

name the two types of autotrophic nutrition in bacteria

A

photosyntehtic, chemosynthetic

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12
Q

name the two types of heterotrohpic nutrition in bacteria

A

saprophytic, parasitic

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13
Q

give two examples of autotrophic bacteria

A

purple sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic) and nitrifying bacteria (chemosynthetic)

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14
Q

give two examples of heterotrophic bacteria

A

bacteria of decay, disease causing bacteria (ecoli)

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15
Q

what are the five factors that affect bacteria growth

A

temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, external solute concentration, pressure

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16
Q

what is one way scientists take precaution while working with micro-organisms in the labratory

A

wipe surface area with disinfectant, wash hands with soap, dispose of safely, minimal opening of plates/seal plates, keep a bunsen lit nearby

17
Q

explain asepsis and sterility

A

asepsis is when something is free of pathogens (disease causing bacteria) while sterlility is when something is completely free of micro-organisms

18
Q

describe the main events of endospore formation

A

DNA replicates and moves to the end of the cell.the cytoplasm loses water and shrinks. thick walls form around the DNA and the cell rounds up

19
Q

give two examples of harmful bacteria

A

tetanus, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ecoli, strep throat

19
Q

give two examples of harmful bacteria

A

tetanus, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ecoli, strep throat

20
Q

what is an antibiotic

A

a chemical that kills/inhibits bacteria

21
Q

why might antibiotic resistance arise in bacteria

A

overuse, misuse, mutation in bacteria

22
Q

give two factors that affect the rate of bacteria growth

A

pressure, temperature, external solute concentration, pH, oxygen concentration

23
Q

explain how one factor of bacteria growth can affect the bacteria

A

temperature- low temperature can slow down the rate of bacterial growth and denature the enzymes in the bacteria

24
Q

what is the difference between batch and continuous flow food processing

A

batch- fixed amount of nutrients added at the start and the biorector is emptied at the end. bacteria go through each stage of the growth curve
continuous- bacteria remain at one stage of the growth curve. nutrients continuously added and product is constantly removed

25
Q

sketch a plot of a bacteria growth curve. label each axis and name each stage on the curve

A

lag, log, stationary, decline, survival

26
Q

what part of the bacteria is responsible for developing antibiotic resistance

A

plasmid

27
Q

how do bacteria reproduce?

A

binary fission

28
Q

when does endospore formation occur

A

stationary phase

29
Q

are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles

lc biology (25 decks)

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