monera Flashcards
what kingdom do bacteria belong to
monera kingdom
draw a labelled diagram of a typical bacteria cell
what is the purpose of the capsule
protection
do bacteria have chromosomes
yes they have one bacterial chromosome
what is a plasmid
a loop of DNA which contain genes responsible for antibiotic resistance
what are flagella
these allow bacteria to move
name the three general types of bacteria shape
round, rod, spiral
how do bacteria reproduce
binary fission
describe how binary fission occurrs
dna copies itself, the cell elongates with a strand of dna at each end, it splits into simialr sized cells
what is an endospore
these form under harsh conditions and allow the bacterium to survive for long periods of time
name the two types of autotrophic nutrition in bacteria
photosyntehtic, chemosynthetic
name the two types of heterotrohpic nutrition in bacteria
saprophytic, parasitic
give two examples of autotrophic bacteria
purple sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic) and nitrifying bacteria (chemosynthetic)
give two examples of heterotrophic bacteria
bacteria of decay, disease causing bacteria (ecoli)
what are the five factors that affect bacteria growth
temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, external solute concentration, pressure
what is one way scientists take precaution while working with micro-organisms in the labratory
wipe surface area with disinfectant, wash hands with soap, dispose of safely, minimal opening of plates/seal plates, keep a bunsen lit nearby
explain asepsis and sterility
asepsis is when something is free of pathogens (disease causing bacteria) while sterlility is when something is completely free of micro-organisms
describe the main events of endospore formation
DNA replicates and moves to the end of the cell.the cytoplasm loses water and shrinks. thick walls form around the DNA and the cell rounds up
give two examples of harmful bacteria
tetanus, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ecoli, strep throat
give two examples of harmful bacteria
tetanus, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ecoli, strep throat
what is an antibiotic
a chemical that kills/inhibits bacteria
why might antibiotic resistance arise in bacteria
overuse, misuse, mutation in bacteria
give two factors that affect the rate of bacteria growth
pressure, temperature, external solute concentration, pH, oxygen concentration
explain how one factor of bacteria growth can affect the bacteria
temperature- low temperature can slow down the rate of bacterial growth and denature the enzymes in the bacteria
what is the difference between batch and continuous flow food processing
batch- fixed amount of nutrients added at the start and the biorector is emptied at the end. bacteria go through each stage of the growth curve
continuous- bacteria remain at one stage of the growth curve. nutrients continuously added and product is constantly removed
sketch a plot of a bacteria growth curve. label each axis and name each stage on the curve
lag, log, stationary, decline, survival
what part of the bacteria is responsible for developing antibiotic resistance
plasmid
how do bacteria reproduce?
binary fission
when does endospore formation occur
stationary phase
are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic
prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles
