Skeleton Flashcards
What does proximal mean
Upwards
What does distal mean
Downwards
What does medial mean
Towards the midline of the body
What does lateral mean
Away from the midline of the body
What does ventral mean
Towards the stomach
What does dorsal mean
Towards the back
What is the axial skeleton
The long axis of the body. Consists of the skull and vertebrae, ossicles, sternum etc
What is the appendicular skeleton
The limbs - bones that support the appendages
How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton
126
Function of the appendicular skeleton
Creates a framework for the attachment of limb muscles, helps our skeleton to move
How many bones make up the axial skeleton
80
Function of the axial skeleton
Forms the central axis of the body, supports and protects the organs in the dorsal and ventral cavities. Creates a surface for the attachment of muscles
What ribs are ‘true ribs’
1-7
What ribs are ‘false ribs’
8-12
What ribs are ‘floating ribs’
11,12
List the vertebral column
C1-7, T1-12, L1-5, S 5 fused, coccyx 4 fused
What is C1 referred to as
The atlas - supports the skull and spinal cord. Provides an attachment point for several muscles of the neck
What is C2 referred to as
The axis - forms the pivot which allow the atlas to rotate
mnemonic to remember vertebrae
Crunchy breakfast at 7 am (7 cervical vertebrae), a Tasty lunch at 12 noon (12 thoracic vertebrae), and a Light dinner at 5 pm (5 lumbar vertebrae).
How many bones are in the cranium
8
Name the cranial bones
Parietal (2), ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal (2), occipital, frontal
Sagittal suture
‘side to side’ - between the parietal bones
Coronal suture
Between the frontal and parietal bones
Lambdoid suture
Between the occipital and parietal bones
Squamous suture
Between the parietal and temporal bones
How many facial bones are there
14
What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another
Hyoid bone
Where does the hyoid bone lie
Inferior to the skull
What suspends the hyoid bone
Stylohyoid ligament
Function of the hyoid bone
Provides an attachment surface for muscles and ligaments that stabilise and move the tongue and larynx
