Basic tissue types Flashcards
What is a tissue
A tissue is a collection of cells which have similar structure and function and perform common functions
What are the 4 basic tissue types
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
What is the function of epithelial tissue
Covers body surface and lines internal organs
What is the function of connective tissue
Support and protection, stores energy
What is the function of muscle tissue
Movement
What is the function of nervous tissue
Sends and receives information about stimuli
What is epithelial tissue attached to underlying connective tissue with
Basement membrane
What is the basement membrane/ basal lamina
A specialised form of extracellular matrix. It can be organised in three ways:
1) It can surround cells
2) It lies underneath sheets of epithelial cells
3) It separates two sheets of cells
Properties of epithelial tissue
Non- vascularised, cells divide rapidly, tightly packed together, continuous sheet
Types of epithelium
Simple epithelium, stratified epithelium
What is simple epithelium
One layer
Flay scale- shaped cells
What is stratified epithelium
Two layers
The higher the number of layers, the more protective
Properties of stratified epithelium
Good at withstanding abrasion, constantly dividing. Cells in the bottom layer divide and the daughter cells move to the surface maturing and then degenerating. Can either be keratinising or non- keratinising
What is pseudostratified epithelium
Nuclei are at different heights, not in contact with basal lamina. Found in most major airways, looks like more than one layer
Types of epithelial tissue
Squamous (salivary duct lining), columnar (gut tissues), cuboidal (kidney tubules) and transitional - all different types (Urinary tract)
Epithelial tissue specialisations
Cilia - hair like projections. Found in the upper respiratory tract
Keratin - insoluble fibrous protein
Microvili - help absorption by increasing surface area
Connective tissue function
Binds structures together, provides support and protection, stores fat
Most abundant tissue type in the body
Has a good bloody supply
Types of connective tissue proper
Loose irregular (areolar) connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue
Specialised types of connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue (found in tendons and ligaments), adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, bone
Where does cartilage form
The end of articulating joints
Types of muscle tissue
Smooth, skeletal (started), cardiac
What makes up the CNS
The brain and spinal cord
What makes up the PNS
Everything else - cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves etc
Function of nervous tissue
Send and receive information about stimuli.
Sensory
Integration
Motor
Function of neurons
Transmit signals
Function of neuroglia
Protection, support
What is a synapse
Chemical gap where message is transmitted via a neurotransmitter
What makes up the brainstem
Midbrain, pons and medulla
