Cellular organisation and function Flashcards
What is cell theory
All living creatures, both simple and complex, are made out of one or more cells, and the cell is the structural and functional unit of life
3 domains
Bacteria, archaea and Eukaryota
What domains do prokaryotes come from
Bacteria and archaea
What domains do eukaryotes come from
Eukaryota
Is bacteria single or double celled ?
Single- celled
What is the endosymbiotic theory
Where cells lived inside another cell for mutual benefit. Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as bacterial cells that came to live inside larger cells
mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA, vulnerable to damage as it has limited ability to repair itself and produces high levels of reactive oxygen species during respiration
Mutations associated with mtDNA
Age related deafness, some cancers, myoclonic epilepsy
What is the cytoskeleton made from
Microtubules and filaments
Function of microtubules (tubulin)
Holds organelles in place, general cytoplasmic organisation
Function of filaments (actin)
Movement, specialised cell shape
Function of intermediate filaments (Keratin)
Provide support
Difference between eukaryote and prokaryote
Prokaryotes = no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes have Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles etc
Function of endoplasmic reticulum
“The production line”
- Protein synthesis and folding
- Lipid synthesis
- Detoxification
- Quality control
Function of Golgi apparatus
“The sorting office”
- Protein modification
- Macromolecule manufacture
- Labelled and sent to other destinations in the cell
