Osteology of the skull Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton
Bones that are along the body’s long axis
What is the appendicular skeleton
Bones that form the upper and lower limbs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles
Name the 3 parts that the skull is split into
Cranium, mandible, middle third of the face
Name the 2 parts that the cranium is split into
The roof and the base
What is the roof also known as
Calvarium
What is the base also known as
Cranial base
Name the 3 sections that the cranial base is split into
Anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa
What are sutures
Fibrous bands of tissue that connect the bones of the skull
What is the large hole in the skull called
Foramen magnum
Name the 2 divisions of the cranium
Neurocranium & viscerocranium
How many bones are there in the neurocranium
8
How many bones are there in the viscerocranium
14
Name the bones of the neurocranium
Parietal (2) Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal (2) Occipital Frontal
What is it called when bones meet
Articulations
What are the 4 main sutures of the skull
Sagittal, coronal, lambdoid and squamous
What is a protuberance
Swelling/ knob like outgrowth
What is a condyle
A rounded projection on a bone usually for articulation with another bone
What cranial fossa does the frontal bone contribute to
Anterior cranial fossa
What are the air filled cavities in the frontal bone called
Sinuses
What is located behind the sphenoid bone
Sella turcica
What does the sella turcica house
Pituitary gland - also known as pituitary fossa
What is located either side of the sella turcica
Optic canals - carry optic nerves
What are the plates called that are located either side of the midline
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
What is the nasion
Where the two nasal bones meet
What does the zygomatic bones articulate with
Frontal bone, maxilla, temporal bone
What are facial buttresses
Where bones are not of uniform thickness
Purpose of facial buttresses
Some places are thicker to provide protection, they absorb stresses so that we can withstand mastication. It makes the skull lighter
Name the bones that make up the hard palate
2 x bones of maxilla palatine process, 2 x palatine bones
Where are pterygoid plates placed in relation to the TMJ
Laterally
What is the glenoid fossa
Where the condyle of the mandible inserts into the temporal bone
What is the glenoid eminence
Found in the temporal bone, dip next to the fossa
