Cranial nerves - general Flashcards
How many cranial nerves are there ?
12
What makes up the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Are cranial nerves paired or unpaired
Paired
Where do cranial nerves originate from
The brain stem - ventral surface
What direction do cranial nerves run in
Cranio caudal direction
Which cranial nerves are not true nerves
Cranial nerves I and II
What is somatic function
Voluntary activities
What does afferent mean
Sensory
What does efferent mean
Motor
What does the somatic nervous system do
Transmits sensory and motor signals to and from the central nervous system
What does the autonomic nervous system do
Controls the function of our organs and glands. Can be divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do
Slows and relaxes the body, inhibits or slows many high energy functions
What do cranial nerves carry (what types of fibres)
Parasympathetic autonomic fibres only
Cranial nerve I
Olfactory - smell
Cranial nerve II
Optic - vision - visual signals from the retina
Cranial nerve III
Oculomotor - motor to ocular muscles (only some)
Cranial nerve IV
Trochlear - Motor to Superior Oblique muscle - S04
Cranial nerve V
Trigeminal - has 3 divisions ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular. Sensation from face/ oral cavity, motor to muscles of mastication
Cranial nerve VI
Abducens - Motor to lateral rectus muscle - LR6
Cranial nerve VII
Facial - motor to muscles of facial expression
Cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear - Hearing and balance
Cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal - Special sensory to posterior 1/3 of the tongue, innervates the carotid gland for saliva
Cranial nerve X
Vagus - Controls laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles
Cranial nerve XI
Accessory - Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Cranial nerve XII
Hypoglossal - Motor to muscles of the tongue
Which nerve is the longest
Vagus
Which cranial nerve arises from the pons
Trigeminal
Where does the olfactory nerve exit
The cribriform plate
Where does the optic nerve exit
Optic canal
Where does the oculomotor nerve exit
Superior orbital fissure
Where does the trochlear nerve exit
Superior orbital fissure
Where does the trigeminal nerve exit
V1- Superior orbital fissure
V2- Foramen rotundum
V3- Foramen ovale
Where does the abducens nerve exit
Superior orbital fissure
Where does the facial nerve exit
Internal acoustic meatus
Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit
Internal acoustic meatus
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit
Jugular foramen
Where does the vagus nerve exit
Jugular foramen
Where does the accessory nerve exit
Jugular foramen
Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit
Hypoglossal canal
