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Hepatitis B > Cardiac cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the AV valves

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid

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2
Q

What are the semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary artery and aortic

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3
Q

Where is the SAN node

A

Right atrium

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4
Q

Where is the AVN node

A

Bundle of His

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5
Q

Sequence of diastole

A
  • Relaxation
  • Heart fills with blood getting ready to go into systole
    Ventricles fill
    AV valves open because pressure in atrium is higher than ventricles
    Semi lunar valves are closed because pressure in atrium is lower than ventricles
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6
Q

Sequence of systole

A
  • Contraction
  • Ventricles contract
  • Blood goes through P.A. artery to become oxygenated at lungs (right)
  • Blood goes through aorta to supply the body (left)
  • AV valves closed
  • Semi lunar valves are open as pressure in ventricles is greater than atria
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7
Q

Function of coronary arteries

A

Supply the heart with oxygen. They come off the aorta

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8
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Arteries become blocked by fatty plaques - can lead to angina or heart attacks

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9
Q

What is the normal resting heart rate

A

60 - 100 beats per minute

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10
Q

Name for less than normal resting heart rate

A

Bradycardia

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11
Q

Name for higher than normal resting heart rate

A

Tachycardia

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12
Q

What causes heart sounds

A

Valves opening and closing

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13
Q

Intrinsic factors controlling the heart

A
  • Starlings law

- Pacemaker rhythm

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14
Q

Extrinsic factors controlling the heart

A
  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic control

- Endocrine factors

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15
Q

Formula for cardiac output

A

heart rate x stroke volume

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16
Q

What is pre load

A

Volume of blood in ventricles after diastole

17
Q

What is after load

A

Pressure the ventricles need to overcome in order to contract

18
Q

Where are baroreceptors found

A

Carotid sinus and aortic arch

19
Q

What is chronotrophy (Endocrine factor)

A

Heart rate

20
Q

What is ionotrophy (Endocrine factor)

A

Force of contraction

21
Q

Effect of noradrenaline

A

Chronotroph and ionotroph and vasoconstrictor

22
Q

Effect of acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter - decrease heart rate (AV node) - G1 protein coupled receptor - parasympathetic

23
Q

What is starlings law

A

The more the heart fills, the stronger the force of contraction

24
Q

Electrical conduction of the heart

A

Action potential at the SA node (right atrium), spreads across and down
Down to AV node where there is a delay - allows the atria to finish contracting
Travels down the bundle of his
AP travels in purkinje fibres which distributes it - contraction starts at the bottom
Pacemaker of the heart - SA node

25
Q

What is depolarisation

A

Na+ moving into cell (more +ve inside), Ca2+ moving into cell (muscle contraction) - CONTRACT

26
Q

What is depolarisation

A

K+ moving into cell (more +ve outside), Ca2+ moving out of cell - RELAX

27
Q

What is Lub S1

A

Closing of AV valves - systole

28
Q

What is Dub S2

A

Closing of Semilunar valves - diastole

29
Q

What does P show on an ECG

A

Atrial depolarisation

30
Q

What does the QRS complex show

A

Ventricular depolarisation (atrial repolarisation happening at same time)

31
Q

What does T show

A

Ventricular repolarisation

32
Q

What does QT interval show

A

Shortens with tachycardia

Lengthens with bradycardia

33
Q

What does isovolumetric mean

A

Both sets of valves are closed

34
Q

What are arrhythmias

A

Irregular heart rate

35
Q

Why is ventricular fibrillation important

A

Irregular contraction of ventricles - leads to cardiac arrest

36
Q

Treatment for arrhythmias

A

Pacemaker

37
Q

Sequence of cardiac cycle

A

Mid to late diastole
Ventricular systole
Early diastole

Hepatitis B (39 decks)

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