Skeletal System (A&P Bootcamp hiegh yield) Flashcards
5 types of Bone
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- sesamoid bones
- Irregular bones
Long bones
made of cortical bone(compact) and pockets of cancellous bone(spongy). Important features include the epiphysis, diaphysis, medullary cavity, metaphysis, and epiphyseal plate.
Epiphysis
end of a long bone that forms
joints with other bones and contains red
bone marrow for hematopoiesis (blood
cell synthesis).
Diaphysis
long hollow shaft in center of
bone.
Medullary cavity
located within the
diaphysis and contains red and yellow
bone marrow (area of fat storage).
Metaphysis
similar to epiphyses and
found between the medullary cavity and
epiphyseal plates.
Epiphyseal plate
“growth plate” located
between epiphysis and metaphysis. Made
out of hyaline cartilage and works to
lengthen the diaphysis through growth and
ossification .
Short bones
as wide as they are long and
mainly provide support (eg. parts of the
wrist).
Flat bones
mainly provide protection (eg.
skull).
Sesamoid bones
found within tendons to
help muscles pull (eg. kneecap).
irregular bones
irregularly shaped (eg.
pelvis).
Cortical bone
is the dense outer layer of bone that
supports the weight of our bodies. It is composed
of many microstructures: Osteons, Haversian canals, Lamellae, Lacunae, Canaliculi, Volkmann’s canals
Osteons
cortical bone’s functional unit,
composed of tiny multi-layered cylinders.
Also known as haversian systems because
they contain a haversian canal in their center.
Haversian canals
‘tubes’ that contain blood
vessels for nutrient supply.
Lamellae
layers of the osteon.
Lacunae
small spaces between lamellae that
hold bone cells and interconnect through
canaliculi .
Canaliculi
small channels that connect
lacunae and the haversian canal.
Volkmann’s canals
connect Haversian canals
to the periosteum , which provides nutrients.
Cancellous bone
is the spongy inner layer of bone
that soaks up red bone marrow via a web of
trabeculae (connective tissue that supports
cancellous bone).
