Exam 1 Study guide (Chapter 4 epithelial) Flashcards
Define histology
the study of the microscopic structure of tissues. i. Cells work together, not independently.
ii. Groups similar in structure and function are called tissue.
What are the 8 levels of organization of the human body? (Small to big)
1 atoms,
2 molecules,
3 organelles,
4 cells,
5 tissues,
6 organs,
7 organ systems
8 human organism.
What are the 4 major types of tissues?
i. Epithelial = covering
ii. Connective = support
iii. Muscle = movement
iv. Nervous = control
What are the 6 functions of Epithelial tissue?
- Protection
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Filtration
- Excretion
- Sensory perception
What are the 6 characteristics of Epithelial tissue?
- Cellularity: just cells, no extracellular stuff
- Specialized contacts: t. junctions/desmosomes
- Polarity: apical and basal
- Supportive by connective tissue
- Avascular but innervated
- Regeneration by cell division
How are epithelial tissues named and the characteristics?
- Number of layers & Shape of cells
- Shape of nucleus varies with type of cell and is important for identification.
What are the 3 names for the different layer types of epithelial tissue?
Simple (1 layer), stratified (multiple layers), and psuedostratified (1 layer but staggered to appear like multiple layers)
What are the (3) main functions of simple epithelial?
absorption, secretion and filtration
What are the 4 types of simple epithelial
a. Simple Squamous Epithelial
b. Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
c. Simple Columnar epithelial
d. Pseudostratified Columnar epithelial
What are the characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue?
a. Thin, permeable
b. Located where rapid diffusion is required.
c. Lining heart, vessels, glomeruli, alveoli
d. Endothelium: inside of hollow tubes to reduce friction
e. Mesothelium: lining the ventral body cavity and its organs.
What are the characteristics of simple cubodial epithelial tissue?
a. Cube shape- central round nucleus
b. Secretion and absorption
c. Kidney tubule- small glands-ovary surface
What are the characteristics of simple columnar epithelial tissue?
a. Single, tall with long nucleus
b. Secretion of mucous and absorption
c. Digestive tract (microvilli, goblet), respiratory tract.
What are the characteristics of psuedostratified columnar epithelial tissue?
a. Varies in heights.
b. All attached to basement membrane
c. Nuclei are all different heights as well
d. Similar function to simple columnar
e. Line the upper respiratory tract (cilia)
What are the characteristics of stratified epithelial tissue?
a. Two or more layers
b. Regenerates from below
c. Major role is protection
What is the main type of stratified epithelial tissue and why?
Stratified squamous epithelial because the tissue is named for the top layer and the cells typically get flattened as they move up layers so the top layer is usually squamous even if the low layers are cubodial or columnar.
