Exam 1 Study Questions Flashcards
- A ___________ is a group of similar cells and their surroundings materials performing a specific function.
- Tissue
- In a positive feedback system, the response enhance or intensifies the original stimulus. TRUE/FALSE
- True
- A plane that separates the body into unequal right and left halfs is called
e. Parasagital
- Which one of the following will not be associated with the thoracic cavity? 1) pericardium, (2) mediastinum (3) peritoneum (4) pleura
peritoneum
eyes are __________ to the chin
Superior
skin is ________to the heart
superficial
right shoulder is ________and ______ from your umbilicus.
Superior and lateral
in anatomical position your thumb is
lateral
buttocks are ______________
posterior
right foot and right hand are ________
ispsilateral
knee is ______between thigh and toes.
intermediate
lungs are ____to your spinal cord.
anterior
sternum is _________to chin.
inferior
calf is ________to your heel.
proximal
What is the usefulness of defining one standard anatomical position?
- Having one standard anatomical position allows directional terms to be clearly defined so that any body part can be described in relation to any other part.
Which plane divides the heart into anterior and posterior?
- Frontal plane.
What is the name of the cavity that surrounds the heart? The lungs?
- The pericardial cavity surrounds the heart and the pleural cavity surrounds the lungs.
What is the function of the basement membrane?
- The basement membrane provides physical support for the epithelial cells as well as a nutrient supplier.
How do simple multicellular glands differ from compound ones?
- Simple multicellular exocrine glands have a nonbranched duct; compound multicellular exocrine glands have a branched duct.
What is the function of fibroblasts?
- Fibroblasts secrete the fibers and ground substance of the extracellular matrix.
- What is an epithelial membrane?
- An epithelial membrane is a membrane that consists of an epithelial layer and an underlying layer of connective tissue.
Epithelial tissues tends to be classified according to two criteria. What are they?
- Number of layers and shape of the cell.
- Which of the following is a true statement concerning serous membranes?
a. A serous membrane lines a body part that open directly to the body’s exterior.
b. The parietal portion of a serous membrane attaches to the organ.
c. The visceral portion of a serous membrane attaché to a body cavity wall.
d. The serous membrane covering the heart is known as the peritoneum.
e. The serous membrane covering the lungs is known as the pleura.
e. The serous membrane covering the lungs is known as the pleura.
- Why does damaged cartilage heal slow?
a. Damaged cartilage undergoes fibrosis, which interferes with the movement of materials needed for repair.
b. Cartilage does not contain fibroblasts, which are needed to produce the fibers in cartilage tissue.
c. Cartilage is avascular, so materials need for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue.
d. Chrondrocytes cannot be replaced once they are damaged.
e. Chrondrocytes undergo mitosis slowly, which delays healing.
Cartilage is avascular, so materials need for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue.
Binds and supports
Connective tiisue
contains elongated cells that generate force.
Muscle tissue
Neuroglia
nervous tissue
Avascular
epithelial tissue
May contain fibroblasts
connective tissue
tightly packed cells
epithelial tissue
Intercalated discs
muscle tissue
Goblet cells
epithelial tissue
Contains extracellular matrix
connective tissue
Striated
Muscle
Generate action potentials (impulses)
nervous tissue
cilia
epithelial tissue
Ground substance
connective tissue
Apical surface
epithelial tissue
Excitable
muscle tissue
- What types of tissues make up the epidermis and the dermis?
- The epidermis is composed of epithelial tissue; the dermis is made up of connective tissue.
- Which epidermal layer includes stem cells that continually undergo cell division?
- The stratum basale is the layer of the epidermis with stem cells that continually undergo cell division.
- What is the function of melanin?
- Melanin protects DNA of keratinocytes from the damaging effects of UV light.
- Why does it hurt when you pluck a hair out but not when you have a haircut?
- Plucking a hair stimulates hair root plexuses in the dermis, some of which are sensitive to pain. Because the cells of a hair shaft are already dead and the hair shaft lacks nerves, cutting hair is not painful.
- Would you expect an epidermal wound to bleed? Why or why not?
- Since the epidermis is avascular, an epidermal wound would not produce bleeding.
- What is the most common type of skin cancer?
- Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer.
- What factors determine the seriousness of a burn?
- The seriousness of a burn is determined by the depth and extent of the area involved, the individual’s age, and general health.
- The epidermal layer that is found in thick but not in thin skin is the __________.
- Stratum Lucidem
- The most common sweat glands that release a watery secretion are _________ sweat glands; modified sweat glands in the ear are __________; sweat glands located in the axillae, groin that release a thick, lipid rich secretion are ______________sweat glands.
- Eccrine, ceruminous, apocrine.
- An individual with a dark skin color has more melanocytes than a fair-skinned person (true/false).
- False
- To expose underlying tissues in the bottom of the foot, a foot surgeon must first cut through the skin. Place the following layers in the order that the scalpel would cut. (1) Stratum Lucidum, (2) stratum corneum, (3) stratum basale, (4) stratum granulosum, (5) stratum spinosum. (a) 3,5,4,1,2 (b) 2,1,5,4,3 (c) 2,1,4,5,3 (d) 1,3,5,4,2 (e) 3,4,5,1,2
(c) stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
