Exam 1 Study Guide (Chapter 1)

Question 1

What is Complementary of Structure and Function?

Answer 1

Structure (form) equals function. The Structure of something will determine the function it performs in the body.

Question 2

What are the 8 Necessary functions of life?

Answer 2

1. Boundaries (membranes & skin)
2. Movement (muscle)
3. Responsiveness (CO2/breathing)
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism (catabolism/anabolism)
6. Excretion (urine/feces/CO2)
7. Reproduction (cell/human)
8. Growth

Question 3

What are the 4 survival needs?

Answer 3

a. Nutrients (Carbs, proteins, fat, vitamins, minerals)
b. Oxygen
c. Water (60-80% lost by lungs, sweat, excretion)
d. Temperature/atmosphere

Question 4

Define homeostasis

Answer 4

i. Steady state. System is very dynamic not equilibrium

Question 5

What are the 3 components of homeostasis?

Answer 5

i. Receptors
ii. Control center
iii. Effector

Question 6

What is a negative Feedback mechanism and an example?

Answer 6

1. reaches the desired state and stops or goes back. Examples (thermostat, blood sugar)

Question 7

What is an example of positive feedback mechanism? and example

Answer 7

1. Continues in the same direction the change produces more change in the same direction
2. example Blood clotting & childbirth

Question 8

What are the 2 main cavities of the body?

Answer 8

1 Dorsal & ventral

Question 9

What is in the dorsal cavity

Answer 9

1. Cranial cavity contains the brain & 2. vertebral cavity contains spinal cord

Question 10

What are the (6) cavities in the ventral cavity and what organs do they contain?

Answer 10

i. Thoracic Contains (heart & lungs)
ii. Mediastinum (cavity in the thoracic)
iii. Pleural (cavity in the thoracic cavity containing the lunges)
iv. Pericardial cavity in the thoracic cavity containing the heart)
v. Abdominal (contains digestive viscera)
vi. Pelvic (Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, & rectum)

Question 11

How many regions of the abdomen are there?

Answer 11

9

Question 12

Name the 9 regions of the abdomen? (bonus not on the test?)

Answer 12

i. Right hypochondriac
ii. Right lumbar (or flank)
iii. Right illiac
iv. Epigastric
v. Umbilical
vi. Hypogastric (or pubic)
vii. Left hypochondriac
viii. Left lumbar (or flank)
ix. Left illiac