skeletal system Flashcards
list the major functions of the skeleton
- supporting framework for the body
- protection of soft body structures
- production of red blood cells
- facilitates movement
Classify bones according to their shapes
- long bone(ex. Humerus of arm)
- short(ex. Carpal of wrist)
- flat bones(ex. sternum)
- irregular bones (ex. Vertebrae)
- sesamoid bones
- floating (ex. Knee cap)
Describe the general function of bone as a tissue
- support and protection
- body movement
- blood and immune cell formation
- erythrocytes and leukocytes differentiate from hematipoietic stem cells
- also platelets
- inorganic salt storage
- especially of calcium and phosphate
- these minerals give bone rigidity and hardness
- storage of fat
- yellow bone marrow is mostly comprised of lipids
- can be converted to energy or red bone marrow
what are the two types of bone structures
- compact
2. cancellous
what is bone classified as
connective tissue(solid)
define compact bone
- hard and dense
- looks solid w/o magnification
- tissue is arranged in ‘osteons’(aka. ‘haversian systems’)
- is supportive and resistant
- regularly arranged, cylindrical cavities
define cancellous bone
- light and spongy looking
- osteons are loosley arranged and less defined
- dynamic and constantly changing
- holds red bone marrow, where erythrocytes are formed
what are the three types of bone cells?
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
what are osteoblasts
produce bone(ossification) and secrete collagen-based matrix that is able to bind calcium salts(calcification)
what is the production of bone called?
ossification
what is ossification
production of bone
what is calcification
the binding of calcium
What are osteocytes
formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it secretes.
what are osteoclasts
cells that function to breakdown bone; allows bone to be remodelled by osteoblasts.
what do long bone develop from?
Rods of cartilage
what do flat, irregular, sesamoid and short bones develop from?
membranes
where do sesamoid bones develop
in tendons
what are the 5 classification of bone?
- Long bones (legs)
- Short bones (Carpals)
- Flat bones (Sternum)
- Irregular bones (veterbra)
- Sesamoid bones (floating, knee)
what are the three sections to a bone?
- Proximal epiphysis (closer to trunk)
- Diaphysis (middle)
- Distal epiphysis (farther from trunk)
what are the three layers of a bone?
- Spongy/cancellous bone (inside)
- Compact bone (middle)
- Articular cartilage (outside)
What is the lining membrane inside the bone called?
endosteum
What is the lining membrane outside the bone called?
periosteum
why can you bruise a bone?
Because it has nerve & blood vessels on them
What does the epiphyseal plate do?
enables growth in length
