respiratory system Flashcards
what is general functions of respiratory system?
- supply metabolically active cells with oxygen
- rid body of CO2 produced as a by-product from metabolism
describe and locate organs of resp system
Nose(upper tract), pharynx(upper tract), larynx(lower tract), trachea(lower tract), lungs(lower tract), alveoli(lower tract), bronchi(lower tract)
function of nose
to catch dust, moisten air with mucus and body heat warms air
function of paranasal sinus
- decrease weight of skull
- increase resonance in voice
- provide buffer against facial trauma
- insulate senstitive structures from rapid temp fluctuations
- humidifying and heating of inhaled air
- regulation of intranasal and serum gas pressures
list the paranal sinuses
frontal
spheniod
maxillary
and ethmoid air cells
explain how external/internal respiration works
External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. Internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level; occurs in the tissues.
it occurs via diffusion and concentration gradients.
identify the coverings and divisions of the lungs
The lungs are surrounded by ‘pleura membrane’ which is composed of ‘visceral layer’ (against the lung) and ‘parietal layer’(which is against the chest cavity) and those two layers are separated by ‘pleural cavity’
describe howneural and chemical factors may modify the rate of respiration
Carotid body(chemoreceptor) detects carbon dioxide levels in the blood and stimulates medulla oblongata via the cranial nerve IX(glossopharyngeal), it can either be sympathetic (increased rate) or parasympathetic(decreased rate).
explain how o2 and co2 are transported in the blood
They are transported in the blood by means of diffusion from the alveoli and back. Carbon dioxide goes from high conc in blood to low concentration in alveoli and is then expelled from the body. Oxygen is in high conc in alveoli an low conc in blood and is entered into the bloodstream to go back to the body.
external respiration is…
exchange of co2 and o2 in the lungs
during inspiration(inhalation) what happens to diaphrapm and ribs
ribs raise and diaphragm lowers