Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of skeletal muscle: (7)
Support Movement Blood cell formation (hemopoiesis) Protection of internal organs Detoxification (removal of poisons) Provision for muscle attachment Mineral storage (phosphorus and calcium)
Irregular epiphysis is composed of:
Where is it found?
Spongy (cancellous) bone
At the end of long bones
Shaft/diaphysis is composed of:
Compact bone
Axial skeleton consists of:
Skull, vertebral column, twelve ribs, and sternum
Skull is comprised of:
- 14 facial bones (including 6 paired bones/ossicles of ear)
- 14 cranial vault bones
Facial bones include:
2 nasal bones 2 maxillary bones 2 zygomatic bones 2 palatine bones 2 lacrimal bones 2 inferior nasal conchae 1 mandible 1 vomer
Bones of the cranium:
single and paired
Single \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Occipital Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid
Paired \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Parietal Temporal Ossicles of ear (malleus, incus, stapes)
Vertebral column consists of ( in order from superior to inferior):
7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 sacral vertebrae Coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone)
Upper portion of the appendicular skeleton consists of:
Pectoral/shoulder girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Upper extremity
Bones of the arms consists of:
Humerus Radius and ulna Carpals (wrist bones) Metacarpals (hand bones) Phalanges (finger bones)
Lower portion of the appendicular skeleton consists of:
Pelvic girdle/ os coxae
Os coxae consists of:
Fused ilium, ischium, and pubis
Bones of the lower extremity include:
Femur (thigh bone) Fibula and tibia Tarsals (ankle bones) Metatarsals (foot bones) Phalanges (toe bones)
Facts about skeletal muscle:
- Attaches to bones by tendons
- Muscle contraction helps keeps the body warm
- Skeletal muscles continuously contract to maintain posture
Bones are classified by shape:
Long, short, flat, sesamoid, and irregular
Spongy bone (cancellous):
Found at ends of long bones
Consists of trabeculae where red bone marrow is found that produces blood cells
3 types of bone cells:
Osteoblasts
Osteocyte
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts:
- Take calcium from the blood
- Produce the matrix that forms compact bone
- Mature into osteocyte
Osteocyte:
- Most abundant bone cell
- Maintain matrix by recycling calcium salts
Osteoclasts:
Secrete acid and digestive enzymes that break bone down and return calcium to the blood
3 types of cartilage:
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Synarthrosis:
Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis:
Slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis:
Freely movable joint
Periosteum:
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones and serves as attachment for tendons and muscles
Sound is transduced into neural signals in which region of the inner ear?
The cochlear region
Information about balance is transduced into neural signals in which region of the inner ear?
Vestibular region
What is the purpose of the malleus, incus, and stapes?
Transfer sound vibrations to the inner ear from the ear drum
The middle ear’s Eustachian tube is responsible for?
Equalizing pressure
What is the central cavity of the cochlea in the inner ear which contains sound-transducing neurons?
Cochlear duct
Head position is sensed by which location of the inner ear?
Utricle and saccule
Which pairs of skill bones are shaped like curved rectangles?
Parietal bones
Found in the inner ear and is responsible for sense of equilibrium:
Otolithic membrane
Inner ear is often described as:
Operates:
“Bony labyrinth”
Sense of balance
Most visible part of the ear:
Pinna
Bone that contains a meatus is a:
Bone with a tube-like opening
Fovea is a small depression in the middle of the eye’s macula that does what?
Provides the clearest vision
Macula:
Gives central vision
Lens:
Focuses light on the back of the eye
Retina:
Converts light into electrical impulses
