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HESI > Biology pt. 2 > Flashcards

Biology pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Structures found in prokaryotic cells:

A

Nucleoid containing DNA
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

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2
Q

Simple sugars are known as:

A

Monosaccharides

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3
Q

Disacchardies:

A

Carbs composed of 2 monosaccharides

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4
Q

Structure of a cell that is tiny-finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increases surface area?

A

Microvilli

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5
Q

Hollow, fibrous shafts whose main function is to help support and give shape to the cell:

A

Microtubules

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6
Q

What makes the polysaccharide known as glycogen?

A

Animals

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7
Q

What makes the polysaccharide known as cellulose?

A

Plants

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8
Q

Guanine-Cytosine has ____ hydrogen bonds.

Adenine-Thymine has ____ hydrogen bonds.

A

3

2

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9
Q

What is the liquid found inside the cell?

A

Cytosol

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10
Q

Fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane:

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton that are found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells:

A

Microfilaments

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12
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

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13
Q

What are the raw materials of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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14
Q

Population in biology:

A

Members of a species in an area

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15
Q

Community in biology:

A

Sum of populations in an area

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16
Q

Biological organization (lowest to highest level):

A

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, biosphere

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17
Q

Raw materials of photosynthesis:

A

Water, carbon dioxide, and minerals

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18
Q

Products of photosynthesis:

A

Sugar (glucose) and oxygen

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19
Q

Bound ribosomes:

A

Attached to the ER

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20
Q

Free ribosomes:

A

Found in cytoplasm

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21
Q

Rough ER:

A

Responsible for protein synthesis and membrane function

22
Q

Smooth ER:

A

Lacks ribosomes, responsible for detoxification and metabolism of molecules

23
Q

Golgi apparatus:

A

Packaging, processing, and shipping organelle that transports proteins from the ER throughout the cell

24
Q

Lysosomes:

A
  • Site of intracellular digestion

- Hydrolyzes fats, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids

25
Q

2 catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production:

A

Cellular respiration (aerobic) and fermentation (anaerobic)

26
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

What does it produce?

A

Cytosol

2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

27
Q

Where does Citric acid/ Kreb’s cycle occur?

What does it produce?

A

Matrix of mitochondria

2 ATP, 6 CO2, 6 NADH

28
Q

Site of photosynthesis:

A

Chloroplasts

29
Q

What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?

A

Covalent

30
Q

3 steroids:

A

Cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone

31
Q

Densest form of water:

A

Liquid

32
Q

What is the longest phase in the life of a cell?

A

Interphase

33
Q

Which cell type has no nucleus?

A

RBC

34
Q

What is the most general taxomic category?

A

Kingdom

35
Q

All living organisms on earth utilize:

A

Triplet genetic code/codons

36
Q

During the S phase in the interphase stage of mitosis, what event is occurring?

A

Rapid DNA replication

37
Q

How is the most amount of energy released from ATP?

A

When one phosphate group breaks off of ATP to form ADP and free phosphate

38
Q

Transcription makes:

A

mRNA

39
Q

Translation makes:

A

tRNA

40
Q

Light reaction:

A

Cell absorbs light and uses the light energy to split a water molecule and transfer the electron, producing ATP and NADPH

41
Q

Calvin Cycle:

A

2nd stage of photosynthesis where NADPH and ATP produced by light reactions are used to produce sugar

42
Q

Pinching off in animal cells:

A

Cleavage furrow

43
Q

Pinching off in plant cells:

A

Cell plate

44
Q

Chromosomes are duplicated in interphase to:

A

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

45
Q

Mitosis makes:

A

Identical body and skin cells

46
Q

Cytokinesis makes:

A

46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids

47
Q

What happens in meiosis 1?

A

Chromosomes match up with homologous pair to transfer DNA through crossing over/recombination

48
Q

Meiosis 2 does?

A

Separates into single chromosomes

49
Q

Pathway of mRNA?

A

DNA-> outside of nucleus-> ribosome-> cytosol or rough ER

50
Q

Start codon:

A

AUG- methionine

HESI (18 decks)

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