Biology pt. 2

Question 1

Structures found in prokaryotic cells:

Answer 1

Nucleoid containing DNA
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

Question 2

Simple sugars are known as:

Answer 2

Monosaccharides

Question 3

Disacchardies:

Answer 3

Carbs composed of 2 monosaccharides

Question 4

Structure of a cell that is tiny-finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increases surface area?

Answer 4

Microvilli

Question 5

Hollow, fibrous shafts whose main function is to help support and give shape to the cell:

Answer 5

Microtubules

Question 6

What makes the polysaccharide known as glycogen?

Answer 6

Animals

Question 7

What makes the polysaccharide known as cellulose?

Answer 7

Plants

Question 8

Guanine-Cytosine has ____ hydrogen bonds.

Adenine-Thymine has ____ hydrogen bonds.

Answer 8

3

2

Question 9

What is the liquid found inside the cell?

Answer 9

Cytosol

Question 10

Fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane:

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton that are found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells:

Answer 11

Microfilaments

Question 12

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Answer 12

Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

Question 13

What are the raw materials of cellular respiration?

Answer 13

Glucose and oxygen

Question 14

Population in biology:

Answer 14

Members of a species in an area

Question 15

Community in biology:

Answer 15

Sum of populations in an area

Question 16

Biological organization (lowest to highest level):

Answer 16

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 17

Raw materials of photosynthesis:

Answer 17

Water, carbon dioxide, and minerals

Question 18

Products of photosynthesis:

Answer 18

Sugar (glucose) and oxygen

Question 19

Bound ribosomes:

Answer 19

Attached to the ER

Question 20

Free ribosomes:

Answer 20

Found in cytoplasm

Question 21

Rough ER:

Answer 21

Responsible for protein synthesis and membrane function

Question 22

Smooth ER:

Answer 22

Lacks ribosomes, responsible for detoxification and metabolism of molecules

Question 23

Golgi apparatus:

Answer 23

Packaging, processing, and shipping organelle that transports proteins from the ER throughout the cell

Question 24

Lysosomes:

Answer 24

• Site of intracellular digestion

- Hydrolyzes fats, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 25

2 catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production:

Answer 25

Cellular respiration (aerobic) and fermentation (anaerobic)

Question 26

Where does glycolysis occur? | What does it produce?

Answer 26

Cytosol | 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

Question 27

Where does Citric acid/ Kreb's cycle occur? | What does it produce?

Answer 27

Matrix of mitochondria | 2 ATP, 6 CO2, 6 NADH

Question 28

Site of photosynthesis:

Answer 28

Chloroplasts

Question 29

What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?

Answer 29

Covalent

Question 30

3 steroids:

Answer 30

Cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone

Question 31

Densest form of water:

Answer 31

Liquid

Question 32

What is the longest phase in the life of a cell?

Answer 32

Interphase

Question 33

Which cell type has no nucleus?

Answer 33

RBC

Question 34

What is the most general taxomic category?

Answer 34

Kingdom

Question 35

All living organisms on earth utilize:

Answer 35

Triplet genetic code/codons

Question 36

During the S phase in the interphase stage of mitosis, what event is occurring?

Answer 36

Rapid DNA replication

Question 37

How is the most amount of energy released from ATP?

Answer 37

When one phosphate group breaks off of ATP to form ADP and free phosphate

Question 38

Transcription makes:

Answer 38

mRNA

Question 39

Translation makes:

Answer 39

tRNA

Question 40

Light reaction:

Answer 40

Cell absorbs light and uses the light energy to split a water molecule and transfer the electron, producing ATP and NADPH

Question 41

Calvin Cycle:

Answer 41

2nd stage of photosynthesis where NADPH and ATP produced by light reactions are used to produce sugar

Question 42

Pinching off in animal cells:

Answer 42

Cleavage furrow

Question 43

Pinching off in plant cells:

Answer 43

Cell plate

Question 44

Chromosomes are duplicated in interphase to:

Answer 44

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

Question 45

Mitosis makes:

Answer 45

Identical body and skin cells

Question 46

Cytokinesis makes:

Answer 46

46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids

Question 47

What happens in meiosis 1?

Answer 47

Chromosomes match up with homologous pair to transfer DNA through crossing over/recombination

Question 48

Meiosis 2 does?

Answer 48

Separates into single chromosomes

Question 49

Pathway of mRNA?

Answer 49

DNA-> outside of nucleus-> ribosome-> cytosol or rough ER

Question 50

Start codon:

Answer 50

AUG- methionine