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HESI > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Whole blood consists of:

A

55% plasma and 45% formed elements

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2
Q

Formed elements:

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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3
Q

How are formed elements produced?

A

From stem cells in red bone marrow

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4
Q

Erythrocytes:

A

Modified for transport of oxygen (oxygen binds to hemoglobin)

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5
Q

Leukocytes:

A

Active in phagocytosis (neutrophils and monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes)

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6
Q

Platelets:

A

Active in the process of blood clotting

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7
Q

Plasma contains:

A

10% proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones

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8
Q

The circulatory system is associated with:

A

Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, ions, and fluids throughout the body, as well as removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide and urea)

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9
Q

Blood is supplied to the heart muscle/myocardium:

Blood is drained from the heart muscle/myocardium:

A

Via coronary arteries

Directly into the right atrium through the coronary sinus

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10
Q

What initiates the heart’s intrinsic beat?

A
  • Sinoatrial node and is transmitted along a conduction system through the myocardium
  • This is what is measured on an ECG
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11
Q

Cardiac cycle:

A

Period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction

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12
Q

Contraction phase:

Relaxation phase:

A

Systole

Diastole

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13
Q

Arteries:
Veins:

A

Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure (thicker and more elastic)
Carry blood toward the heart under low pressure (thinner and less elastic)

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14
Q

Vascular system includes:

A

Veins, arteries, and capillaries

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15
Q

Capillaries:

A

Smallest of vessels where the exchanges of water, nutrients, and waste products take place between blood and surrounding tissues

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16
Q

Arterioles:

A

Smallest arteries

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17
Q

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation results from:

A

Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in arterial walls

18
Q

Deflections of the ECG represent:

A

The electrical activity that precedes the contraction-relaxation events of the myocardium

19
Q

Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors (specialized sensory nerves that assist with the regulation of circulation and respiration) located?

A

Carotid body

20
Q

3 layers of tissue in the heart from outermost to innermost:

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

21
Q

Tricuspid valve:

A

(or right AV valve) prevents back flow into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

22
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve:

A

Prevents blood from entering the right ventricle

23
Q

Bicuspid valve:

A

(or left AV valve) prevents blood from entering the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts

24
Q

Aortic semilunar valve:

A

Prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle as it leaves through the aorta

25
Q

P wave represents:

A

Atrial depolarization

26
Q

QRS interval represents:

A

Ventricle depolarization

27
Q

ST segment and T wave represent:

A

Ventricle repolarization

28
Q

Walls of all blood vessels (except capillaries) consist of 3 layers:

A

From innermost to outmost:
tunica intima
tunica media (thickest layer)
tunica adventitia

29
Q

Neutrophils:

A
  • Attack and destroy bacteria and viruses

- Most abundant

30
Q

Eosinophils:

A

Fight against parasitic infections

31
Q

Basophils:

A

Respond to histamine-releasing allergens

32
Q

Monocytes:

A

Macrophages that engulf and destroy foreign material in the body

33
Q

Lymphocytes:

A

Infection-fighting antibodies

34
Q

Which organs are involved with the immune system? (4)

A

Appendix, spleen, thymus, Peyer’s patches

35
Q

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are a collection of WBC known as?

A

Granulocytes

36
Q

Yellow bone marrow is responsible for?

A

Maintaining an environment that allows bone to function

37
Q

Reb bone marrow is responsible for?

A

Obliterating old RBC and forming new ones

38
Q

What carries blood away from the body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste with tissues?

A

Capillaries

39
Q

Hepatic:

A

Relating to the liver

40
Q

Y or T-shaped cells that originate in bone marrow and makes proteins known as antibodies:

A

B-lymphocytes

41
Q

Arteries have ______ walls and ______ lumen.

A

Thick and small

42
Q

Double layer membrane that surrounds the heart:

A

Pericardium

HESI (18 decks)

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