Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Male and female sex organ functions:

A
  1. Production of gametes (sex cells)

2. Production of hormones

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2
Q

Production of gametes (sex cells) and production of hormones are under the control of:

A

Tropic hormones from the pituitary gland

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3
Q

Testicular activity is under the control of 2 anterior pituitary hormones:

A
  1. FSH regulates sperm production

2. ICSH/ LH stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

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4
Q

Interstitial cells:

A

Lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone

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5
Q

Where does sperm develop?

A

Within the seminiferous tubules of each testis

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6
Q

Testosterone function:

A

Influences sperm cell development and produces male secondary sex characteristics (facial/body hair and deep voice)

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7
Q

Pathway of sperm upon ejaculation:

A

Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

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8
Q

Glands/pathways that produce transport medium/semen:

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s glands)

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9
Q

Epididymis:

A

Where sperm is stored as they mature

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10
Q

Vas deferens:

A

Sperm duct

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11
Q

Seminal vescicles:

A

Secretes milky alkaline substance that help sperm survive in the acidic vagina

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12
Q

Prostate gland:

A

Thins semen

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13
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s glands):

A

Lubricates urethra prior to ejaculation

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14
Q

Estrogen:

A

Produced by the follicle, initiates preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy

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15
Q

Role of LH in female reproductive system:

A

Released from the pituitary, stimulates ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to corpus luteum

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16
Q

Corpus luteum secretes:

A

Estrogen and progesterone

17
Q

Corpus luteum and fertilization:

A

If fertilization occurs, corpus luteum remains functional.

If fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates and menstruation occurs

18
Q

What happens if fertilization occurs?

A
  1. The egg is in the oviduct/ fallopian tube
  2. The fertilized egg or zygote travels to the uterus and plants itself in the endometrium
  3. The developing embryo is nourished by the placenta
  4. Hormones from the placenta maintain the endometrium and prepare mammary glands for breast milk production
19
Q

How is the placenta formed?

A

By embryonic and maternal tissues

20
Q

Progesterone:

A

Stimulates the development of the endometrium

21
Q

Internal female genitalia:

A

Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina

22
Q

Ovaries:

A

Produce oocytes and secrete sex hormones

23
Q

Fallopian tube:

A

Captures oocytes during ovulation, leading to fertilization

24
Q

Regulatory hormones that orchestrate the menstrual cycle:

A
  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
25
Q

External female genitalia:

A
Vulva structures
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
26
Q

Mons pubis:

A

Fatty tissue overling pubic bone

27
Q

Labia majora/minora:

A

Protects tissues

28
Q

Barholin’s glands:

A

Lubricates vagina

29
Q

Clitoris:

A

Nerve endings that contribute to sexual arousal

30
Q

Where is the hormone that prepares the female’s breast milk originate?

A

Placenta