Nervous System

Question 1

CNS is compromised of:

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS is compromised of:

Answer 2

All other neurons/nerves in the body

Question 3

Sensory (afferent) neurons:

Answer 3

Transmit nerve impulses toward the CNS

Question 4

Motor (efferent) neurons:

Answer 4

Transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS toward the effector organs (muscles, glands, digestive organs)

Question 5

Major parts of the brain:

Answer 5

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata

Question 6

Cerebrum:

Answer 6

Associated with movement and sensory input

-Voluntary activities

Question 7

Cerebellum:

Answer 7

Responsible for muscular coordination and balance

-Motor skills

Question 8

Medulla oblongata:

Answer 8

Controls respiration, heart rate, swallowing

Question 9

Simple spinal reflexes:

Answer 9

Nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain

Question 10

How many nerves exit the spinal cord?

Answer 10

31

Question 11

Spinal cord extends from:

Answer 11

Base of the skull (foramen magnum) to the first or second lumbar vertebra

Question 12

Sensory impulse reflex pathway:

Answer 12

Enter the dorsal horns of the spinal cord

Question 13

Motor impulse reflex pathway:

Answer 13

Leave through the ventral horns of the spinal cord

Question 14

Main parts of a neuron:

Answer 14

Cell body, axon, dendrites

Question 15

Dendrites:

Answer 15

Transmit impulses toward the cell body through synapses

Question 16

Axon:

Answer 16

Transmits impulses away from the cell body to other neurons

Question 17

Neurons:

Answer 17

Transmit action potentials

Question 18

Neuroglia:

Answer 18

Connective tissue cells that connect and supports neurons

Question 19

Hypothalamus:

Answer 19

Controls hormones, memory, emotions

Question 20

2 divisions of the PNS:

Answer 20

Autonomic and somatic nervous system

Question 21

Autonomic nervous system:

Nerves?

Answer 21

Governs involuntary and reflexive body functions (CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, glands)

• Sympathetic nerves: fight or flight
• Parasympathetic nerves: rest and digest

Question 22

Somatic nervous system:

Neurons?

Answer 22

Governs conscious or voluntary control of skeletal muscles

• Sensory (afferent)
• Motor (efferent)

Question 23

Shwann cells:

Answer 23

Produce myelin sheaths

Question 24

Myelin sheaths:

Answer 24

A layer of fatty tissue that encases the neuron fibers, which allows for greater transmission speed of neural impulses

Question 25

CNS has a protective covering known as the meninges. Which layer is the thickest and toughest layer?

Answer 25

Dura mater

Then arachnoid mater (middle), followed by pia mater (innermost)

Question 26

Where does the carotid artery take blood?

Answer 26

Brain

Question 27

How do nerve cells communicate?

Answer 27

Via neural signaling

Question 28

Which chemicals convey an impulse along a nerve cell?

Answer 28

Sodium and potassium

Question 29

What does the amygdala do?

Answer 29

Responds to fear, emotion, memory

Question 30

Hippocampus:

Answer 30

Converts temporary memories into permanent ones

Question 31

Thalamus controls:

Answer 31

Pain sensation and attention span

Question 32

Wernicke’s area function:

Answer 32

Comprehension of speech

Question 33

Spinal cord’s gray matter:

Answer 33

Unmyelinated interneurons

Question 34

Spinal cord’s white matter:

Answer 34

Myelinated neurons