Endocrine System Flashcards
How do the endocrine and nervous systems work together?
Homeostasis, growth, and sexual maturation
2 major groups of hormones:
Steroid and nonsteroid hormones
Hormones:
- Chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells
- Alter the rate of protein synthesis
Steroid hormones:
- Enter target cells and have a direct effect on DNA
- Lipid-souble
Nonsteroid hormones:
- Protein hormones that remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger called AMP
- Water-soluble
Multiple hormones are released during stress from:
- The adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, and posterior and anterior pituitary
- Cortisol is released from the adrenal cortex that reduces inflammation, raises blood sugar level, and inhibits release of histamine
Pituitary gland:
- Nicknamed “master gland”
- Attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum
- Has an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
Hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) are called:
What do they include?
Tropic hormones
______________
Includes: STH/GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL
Hormones released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neuropophsis) include:
Oxytocin (labor hormone) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Major glands of the endocrine system: (9)
Hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, gonads (ovaries and testes), and pancreas
Hypothalamus:
-Connects the nervous system to the endocrine system because it receives sensory info through nerves and sends instructions via hormones to the pituitary
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland?
By secreting “releasing hormones” (RH) and “inhibiting hormones” (IH)
Pineal gland releases:
Melatonin
Parathyroid gland controls:
Calcium
Thyroid gland controls:
Metabolism
