Skeletal System Flashcards
0
Q
Bone is a
A
Dynamic living tissue
1
Q
What are the functions of the skeleton
A
Structural support Protection Leverage Stores calcium Produces blood cells
2
Q
What type of tissue is bone
A
Specialised connective tissue
3
Q
What consists of a matrix with cells suspended it it
A
Bone
4
Q
What is the matrix of bone made from
A
Organic and inorganic compounds
5
Q
What is osteiod made up from
A
Collagen and protein
6
Q
Where is osteoid found
A
Organic componant of the bone matrix
7
Q
Which part of the bone component is strong, flexible but easily compressed?
A
Organic component
8
Q
Which part of the bone matrix is hard, inflexible but quite brittle
A
Inorganic component
9
Q
Where would you find hydroxyapatite
A
Inorganic componant of bone
10
Q
What is hydroxyapatite made of
A
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
11
Q
Which cells produce new bone and secrete osteoid
A
Osteoblasts
12
Q
Which cells are resposible for bone remodelling
A
Osteoclasts
13
Q
What do osteoblasts develop from
A
Osteogenic stem cells
14
Q
Where are osteogenic stem cells found
A
Periostem and endiostem
15
Q
Osteogenic cells develop into
A
Osteoblasts
16
Q
Which bone cells are mature
A
Osteocytes
17
Q
Which bone cells are found in the lacunae
A
Osteocytes
18
Q
Which bone cells keep the matrix maintained
A
Osteocytes
19
Q
Bone is made of two types of tissue:
A
Compact bone
Cancellous (spongy) bone
20
Q
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone
A
Osteon
21
Q
What increases the strength of the bone tissue
A
Lots of osteons
22
Q
What is the other name for the haversian system
A
Osteon
23
Q
The spaces between the trabeculae in cancellous bone contain
A
Bone marrow
24
Which type of bone has trabeculae arranged haphazardly
Cancellous
25
Where is bone marrow found in cancellous bone
Between the trabeculae
26
Where is bone marrow found in long bones
Medullary cavity
27
What is found in the medullary cavity of long bones
Bone marrow
28
Which tissue is red bone marrow made from
Myeloid tissue
29
Where would you find myeloid tissue
Red bone marrow
30
What does haemopoetic mean
Produces blood cells
31
What tissue is yellow bone marrow made from
Fatty tissue that no longer produces blood
32
What type of bone marrow would you fine in the bones of the trunk
Red
33
Femur, metatarsals, phalanges are all types of what bone
Long bones
34
Name 3 examples of long bones
Femur
Metatarsals
Phalanges
35
Carpals and tarsals are examples of what bone
Short bones
36
Name two examples of short bones
Carpals
Tarsals
37
The sternum, scapula, pelvic and cranial bones are all examples of what bone
Flat
38
Name some examples of flat bones
Scapula
Sternum
Cranial
Pelvic
39
The vertebrae and some skull bones are examples if what bone
Irregular
40
Name an example of an irregular bone
Vertebrae
41
Ossification or osteogenesis is
Bone formation
42
What are the two methods of ossification
Intramembranous and endochondral
43
Where does intramembranous ossification occur
Flat bones and clavicles
44
Which type of ossification occurs in flat bones and clavicles
Intramembranous
45
Which cells secrete osteoid
Mesenchymal cells
46
What happens during intramembranous ossification
Mesenchymal cells secrete osteoid
Deposition of calcium salts lead to calcification
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Blood vessels grow in the area
This is just cancellous bone over time osteoclasts remodel and compact bone develops
47
Endochondral ossification occurs where
Inside cartilage
48
During bone growth where is new cartilage layer down
Epiphyseal side of the Epiphyseal plate
49
Which cells invade the cartilage during bone growth to replace it with bone
Osteoblasts
50
Fractures can be classed into two types
Compound (open)
Simple (closed)
51
During bone healing what is the first stage
Haematoma formation (blood clot forms around the area)
52
How long does bone healing take
Atleast 8 weeks
53
What factors delay bone healing
```
Deficient blood supply
Tissue fragments between bone
Poor alignment
Continued mobility
Infection
```
54
A joint (articulation) is an area where
2 bones meet
55
Synarthrosis means
Little or no movement at a joint
56
Amphiarthrosis means
A slightly moveable joint (ie. intervertebral discs)
57
Diarthroses means
Freely moveable joint (hip)
58
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
59
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
Synovial
60
In a synovial joint what are the joints covered in
Articular cartilage
61
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
Shoulder
Hip
62
Give an example of a hinge joint
Elbow
63
Give an example of a gliding joint
Sternoclavicular
Carpal bones
64
Give an example of a pivot joint
Atlantoaxial
65
Give an example of a ellipsoid joint
Radiocarpal
66
Give an example of a saddle joint
Thumb
67
Which joint only allows flexion and extension
Hinge (elbow)
68
Which joint only allows rotation
Pivot
69
What makes up the axial skeleton
Skull
Thorax
Vertebral column
70
How many bones make up the axial skeleton
80
71
How many bones are there in the skull
24
72
Where is the mandible bone found
Jaw
73
Where are the maxilla bones found
Cheek bones
74
Name the bones of the vertebrae and how many are found there
```
Cervical - 8
Thorax - 12
Lumbar -5
Sacral -5
Coccygeal - 4 (fused)
```
75
How many pairs of true ribs are there
7
76
How many pairs of false ribs are there
3
77
How many pairs of floater ribs are there
2
78
Name the 3 parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphisternum
79
Where do the second ribs attach
Sternal angle
80
What attaches to the sternal angle
The second ribs
81
The xiphisternum is made of
Cartilage
82
How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton
126
83
The pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle and lower limb all make up the
Appendicular skeleton
84
The pectoral girdle is made up of
Scapulae
Clavicles
85
Which part of the scapula forms a ball and socket joint with the head of the humerus
Glenoid process
86
What is the only articulation between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton
Clavicle
87
What is the upper limb made up of
Arm
Forearm
Hand
88
What bone makes up the arm
Humerus
89
The trochlear of the humerus articulates with the...
Ulna
90
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the...
Radius
91
What are the bones of the forearm
Radius and ulna
92
Which part of what bone makes the pointy bit at the elbow
The olecranon of the ulna
93
The ... is in line with the little finger
Ulna
94
The ... is inline with the thumb
Radius
95
What transmits weight from the vertebral column onto the femur
Pelvic girdle
96
What is the pelvic girdle composed of
Sacrum and 2 os coxae
97
Each os coxa is formed from 3 fused bones:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
98
What is the lower limb composed of
Thigh
Leg
Food
99
What is the bone if the thigh
Femur
100
Proximally the head of the femur articulates with where to form the hip joint
Acetabulum
101
The tibia lies ... to the fibula
Medial
102
Which bone of the the leg is not weight bearing
Fibula
103
What is the patella
Knee cap
104
What bone is the patella
Sesamoid bone
