Digestive System Flashcards
0
Q
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system
A
Salivary glands
Liver
Pancreas
1
Q
How long is the transit time between mouth and anus
A
24hours
2
Q
How often do cells in the GI tract renew
A
3-7 days
3
Q
The xiphisternum marks the … of the abdomen
A
Top
4
Q
Where is the epigastrium region if the abdomen
A
Upper central
5
Q
Where is the hypogastrium region of the abdomen
A
Bottom central
6
Q
Where is the left iliac region of the abdomen
A
Bottom right
7
Q
What is the bottom left side of the abdomen called
A
Right iliac
8
Q
Where is the left hypochondrium area of the abdomen
A
Top right
9
Q
What is the double layered serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities
A
Peritoneum
10
Q
What lies between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
A
Peritoneal cavity
11
Q
What does the peritoneal cavity contain
A
Serous fluid
12
Q
Intraperitoneal organs are those
A
Covered fully by peritoneum
13
Q
Give 2 example of intraperitoneal organs
A
Stomach
Small intestine
14
Q
Retroperitoneal organs are those
A
Pushed against posterior abdominal wall partially covered by peritoneum
15
Q
Give two examples of retroperitoneal organs
A
Pancreas
Duodenum
16
Q
The lesser omentum is the
A
Liver and stomach
17
Q
The greater omentum is the
A
Stomach and transverse colon
18
Q
Put these layers of the GI tract in order:
Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa/adventia
A
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular is externa
Serosa
19
Q
Which layer of the GI tract is composed of epithelium
A
Mucosa
20
Q
Which layer of the GI tract is made of dense irregular connective tissue
A
Submucosa
21
Q
Which layer of the GI tract contains the submucosal plexus
A
Submucosa
22
Q
Which layer of the GI tract is composed of smooth muscle
A
Muscularis externa
23
Q
The celiac trunk supplies…
A
The upper part of GI tract
24
The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries supply
The GI tract
25
Where does venous blood from the digestive system drain
Liver
26
Why does venous blood from the GI tract drain into the liver
It is nutrient rich
27
Which nervous system controls the digestive system
Autonomic
28
Which part of the autonomic system increases gastrointestinal activity
Parasympathetic NS
29
Gastrin, secretin and CCK are all involved in the control of
Digestive function
30
Name four things involved in mastication (chewing)
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication
31
Where does churning take place
Stomach
Large intestine
32
Where does segmentation occur
Small intestine
33
Where are the 3 stages of swallowing
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesopharyngeal
34
How does peristalsis work
Longitudinal muscle on outside, circular muscle on inside contract pushing blouse along
35
Where does mass movement occur
Large intestine
36
Faeces in the rectum stimulates the ... reflex
Defecation
37
During chemical digestion carbohydrates are broken down into
Simple sugars
38
During chemical digestion proteins are broken down into
Amino acids
39
During chemical digestion lipids are broken down into
Fatty acids and monoglycerides
40
Where does carbohydrate chemical digestion occur
Mouth and small intestine
41
Where does lipid chemical digestion occur
Mouth and small intestine
42
Where does protein chemical digestion occur
Stomach and small intestine
43
Where does absorption occur in the digestive tract
Stomach and small and larges intestines
44
Where does the majority of absorption occur in the digestive tract
Small intestine
45
What is the pH of the stomach
2
46
What happens during mechanical digestion in the mouth
Chewing
47
What initiates chemical digestion of lipids in the mouth
Lipase
48
What initiates chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth
Amylase
49
Where are the sublingual glands
Underneath the tongue
50
Where are the submandibular glands
Cheeks
51
Where are the parotid glands
Back of the mouth
52
How much saliva is secreted a day
1-1.5L
53
How long is the oesophagus
25cm
54
Which cells line the oesophagus
Stratified squamous epithelium
55
The stomach is located in which abdominal region
Epigastrium
56
The stomach contents empty into the
Duodenum
57
What are the rugae in the stomach for
So the stomach can expand
58
What are the functions of the mucous cells in the stomach
Lines the walls to prevent acid getting through
59
What are the functions of parietal cells in the stomach
Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
60
What in the function of chief cells in the stomach
To secrete pepsinogen to aid protein digestion
61
What is the function of the enteroendocrine in the stomach
To secrete the hormone gastric
62
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid
Parietal cells
63
Which cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen
Chief cells
64
In the stomach ... stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
Histamine
65
In the stomach histamine stimulates
Hydrochloric acid secretion
66
High pH, gastrin, histamine and Acetylcholine all activate the secretion of
Gastric juice
67
Pepsin starts ... digestion
Protein
68
Intrinsic factor aids absorption of ...
Vit B12
69
Which hormone stimulates contraction of gastric wall
Gastrin
70
In digestion what stimulates the cephalic phase
Sight smell and taste of food
71
Which hormone stimulates gastric secretion and motility
Gastrin
72
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach is secreted from the
Parietal cells
73
Glucagon is a hormone that ... blood sugar levels
Increases
74
Insulin is a hormone that ... blood sugar levels
Decreases
75
The pancreas sits in the curve of the
Duodenum
76
The pancreas releases secretions into the
Duodenum
77
The pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum at the
Sphincter if oddi
78
Duct cells in the ... secrete water and sodium bicarbonate
Pancreas
79
Acini cells in the pancreas secrete
Enzymes
80
Ribonuclease and Deoxyribonuclease breakdown
DNA
81
The pancreas secretes X and X in their active form
Lipase
Amylase
82
Propeptidases are released from the X in their inactive form
Pancreas
83
The X lies in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium
The liver
84
Bile is needed in digestion for the breakdown of
Fats
85
Where is bike produced
Liver
86
Where is bike store
Gall bladder
87
Bile leaves the liver at the right and left ... ducts
Hepatic
88
Which two ducts join before entering the duodenum
Common bike duct and pancreatic duct
89
The duodenum, jejunum and ileum are all
Parts of the small intestine
90
Why is the small intestine called small
It has a smaller lumen
91
How long is the small intestine
6metres
92
What is absorbed in the jejunum of the small intestine
Most food
93
What is absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine
Vit B12
94
The pilcae circulares do what in the small intestine
Increase surface area
95
What do the micro villi do in the small intestine
Form a brush border effect
96
What happens during mechanical digestion in the small intestine
Segmentation
97
When the chyme arrives in the duodenum the presence of fats and proteins causes the secretion of...
CCK cholecystokinin
98
CCK is released in the presence of...
Fats and proteins
99
In the small intestine if the pH drops what is released
Secretin
100
What reduces gastric motility in the small intestine
Secretin
101
CCK and secretin both stimulate the ... to release ...
Gall bladder to release bile
102
Trypsinogen is converted to ... by enterokinase
Trypsin
103
Trips in aids the breakdown of ... into ...
Proteins into amino acids
104
Amylase breaks down ... into disaccharides and trisaccharides
Carbohydrates
105
Brush border enzymes covert disaccharides and trisaccharides into ...
Monosaccharides
106
Maltose is converted into
Glucose and glucose
107
Lactose is converted into
Glucose and galactose
108
Sucrose is converted into
Glucose and fructose
109
What does emulsification do in digestion
Breaks down lipids so enzymes can work
110
What is required for emulsification
Bile
111
What is absorbed in the large intestine
Water
Electrolytes
112
What length is the large intestine
1.5m
113
Bacteria flora in the large intestine synthesise vitamins
B and K
114
The midclavicular lines divide the abdomen
Horizontally
115
X is a double layered serous membrane; with a layer of simple squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar connective tissue that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Peritoneum
