Digestive System Flashcards by Alice Caporn | Brainscape

Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Salivary glands

Liver

Pancreas

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Q

How long is the transit time between mouth and anus

A

24hours

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Q

How often do cells in the GI tract renew

A

3-7 days

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Q

The xiphisternum marks the … of the abdomen

A

Top

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Q

Where is the epigastrium region if the abdomen

A

Upper central

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Q

Where is the hypogastrium region of the abdomen

A

Bottom central

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Q

Where is the left iliac region of the abdomen

A

Bottom right

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Q

What is the bottom left side of the abdomen called

A

Right iliac

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Q

Where is the left hypochondrium area of the abdomen

A

Top right

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Q

What is the double layered serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Peritoneum

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Q

What lies between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum

A

Peritoneal cavity

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Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain

A

Serous fluid

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Q

Intraperitoneal organs are those

A

Covered fully by peritoneum

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Q

Give 2 example of intraperitoneal organs

A

Stomach

Small intestine

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Q

Retroperitoneal organs are those

A

Pushed against posterior abdominal wall partially covered by peritoneum

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Q

Give two examples of retroperitoneal organs

A

Pancreas

Duodenum

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Q

The lesser omentum is the

A

Liver and stomach

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Q

The greater omentum is the

A

Stomach and transverse colon

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Q

Put these layers of the GI tract in order:

Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa/adventia

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular is externa
Serosa

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Q

Which layer of the GI tract is composed of epithelium

A

Mucosa

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Q

Which layer of the GI tract is made of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Submucosa

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Q

Which layer of the GI tract contains the submucosal plexus

A

Submucosa

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Q

Which layer of the GI tract is composed of smooth muscle

A

Muscularis externa

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Q

The celiac trunk supplies…

A

The upper part of GI tract

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Q

The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries supply

A

The GI tract

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Q

Where does venous blood from the digestive system drain

A

Liver

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Q

Why does venous blood from the GI tract drain into the liver

A

It is nutrient rich

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Q

Which nervous system controls the digestive system

A

Autonomic

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Q

Which part of the autonomic system increases gastrointestinal activity

A

Parasympathetic NS

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Q

Gastrin, secretin and CCK are all involved in the control of

A

Digestive function

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Q

Name four things involved in mastication (chewing)

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication

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Q

Where does churning take place

A

Stomach

Large intestine

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Q

Where does segmentation occur

A

Small intestine

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Q

Where are the 3 stages of swallowing

A

Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesopharyngeal

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Q

How does peristalsis work

A

Longitudinal muscle on outside, circular muscle on inside contract pushing blouse along

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Q

Where does mass movement occur

A

Large intestine

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Q

Faeces in the rectum stimulates the … reflex

A

Defecation

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Q

During chemical digestion carbohydrates are broken down into

A

Simple sugars

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Q

During chemical digestion proteins are broken down into

A

Amino acids

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Q

During chemical digestion lipids are broken down into

A

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

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Q

Where does carbohydrate chemical digestion occur

A

Mouth and small intestine

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Q

Where does lipid chemical digestion occur

A

Mouth and small intestine

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Q

Where does protein chemical digestion occur

A

Stomach and small intestine

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Q

Where does absorption occur in the digestive tract

A

Stomach and small and larges intestines

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Q

Where does the majority of absorption occur in the digestive tract

A

Small intestine

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Q

What is the pH of the stomach

A

2

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Q

What happens during mechanical digestion in the mouth

A

Chewing

Q

What initiates chemical digestion of lipids in the mouth

A

Lipase

Q

What initiates chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth

A

Amylase

Q

Where are the sublingual glands

A

Underneath the tongue

Q

Where are the submandibular glands

A

Cheeks

Q

Where are the parotid glands

A

Back of the mouth

Q

How much saliva is secreted a day

A

1-1.5L

Q

How long is the oesophagus

A

25cm

Q

Which cells line the oesophagus

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Q

The stomach is located in which abdominal region

A

Epigastrium

Q

The stomach contents empty into the

A

Duodenum

Q

What are the rugae in the stomach for

A

So the stomach can expand

Q

What are the functions of the mucous cells in the stomach

A

Lines the walls to prevent acid getting through

Q

What are the functions of parietal cells in the stomach

A

Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Q

What in the function of chief cells in the stomach

A

To secrete pepsinogen to aid protein digestion

Q

What is the function of the enteroendocrine in the stomach

A

To secrete the hormone gastric

Q

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid

A

Parietal cells

Q

Which cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen

A

Chief cells

Q

In the stomach … stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion

A

Histamine

Q

In the stomach histamine stimulates

A

Hydrochloric acid secretion

Q

High pH, gastrin, histamine and Acetylcholine all activate the secretion of

A

Gastric juice

Q

Pepsin starts … digestion

A

Protein

Q

Intrinsic factor aids absorption of …

A

Vit B12

Q

Which hormone stimulates contraction of gastric wall

A

Gastrin

Q

In digestion what stimulates the cephalic phase

A

Sight smell and taste of food

Q

Which hormone stimulates gastric secretion and motility

A

Gastrin

Q

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach is secreted from the

A

Parietal cells

Q

Glucagon is a hormone that … blood sugar levels

A

Increases

Q

Insulin is a hormone that … blood sugar levels

A

Decreases

Q

The pancreas sits in the curve of the

A

Duodenum

Q

The pancreas releases secretions into the

A

Duodenum

Q

The pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum at the

A

Sphincter if oddi

Q

Duct cells in the … secrete water and sodium bicarbonate

A

Pancreas

Q

Acini cells in the pancreas secrete

A

Enzymes

Q

Ribonuclease and Deoxyribonuclease breakdown

A

DNA

Q

The pancreas secretes X and X in their active form

A

Lipase

Amylase

Q

Propeptidases are released from the X in their inactive form

A

Pancreas

Q

The X lies in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium

A

The liver

Q

Bile is needed in digestion for the breakdown of

A

Fats

Q

Where is bike produced

A

Liver

Q

Where is bike store

A

Gall bladder

Q

Bile leaves the liver at the right and left … ducts

A

Hepatic

Q

Which two ducts join before entering the duodenum

A

Common bike duct and pancreatic duct

Q

The duodenum, jejunum and ileum are all

A

Parts of the small intestine

Q

Why is the small intestine called small

A

It has a smaller lumen

Q

How long is the small intestine

A

6metres

Q

What is absorbed in the jejunum of the small intestine

A

Most food

Q

What is absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine

A

Vit B12

Q

The pilcae circulares do what in the small intestine

A

Increase surface area

Q

What do the micro villi do in the small intestine

A

Form a brush border effect

Q

What happens during mechanical digestion in the small intestine

A

Segmentation

Q

When the chyme arrives in the duodenum the presence of fats and proteins causes the secretion of…

A

CCK cholecystokinin

Q

CCK is released in the presence of…

A

Fats and proteins

Q

In the small intestine if the pH drops what is released

A

Secretin

Q

What reduces gastric motility in the small intestine

A

Secretin

Q

CCK and secretin both stimulate the … to release …

A

Gall bladder to release bile

Q

Trypsinogen is converted to … by enterokinase

A

Trypsin

Q

Trips in aids the breakdown of … into …

A

Proteins into amino acids

Q

Amylase breaks down … into disaccharides and trisaccharides

A

Carbohydrates

Q

Brush border enzymes covert disaccharides and trisaccharides into …

A

Monosaccharides

Q

Maltose is converted into

A

Glucose and glucose

Q

Lactose is converted into

A

Glucose and galactose

Q

Sucrose is converted into

A

Glucose and fructose

Q

What does emulsification do in digestion

A

Breaks down lipids so enzymes can work

Q

What is required for emulsification

A

Bile

Q

What is absorbed in the large intestine

A

Water

Electrolytes

Q

What length is the large intestine

A

1.5m

Q

Bacteria flora in the large intestine synthesise vitamins

A

B and K

Q

The midclavicular lines divide the abdomen

A

Horizontally

Q

X is a double layered serous membrane; with a layer of simple squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar connective tissue that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Peritoneum