Respiratory System Flashcards by Alice Caporn

Q

Which lung is wider and shorter

A

Right

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Q

Name 3 functions of the respiratory system

A

Supply the body with O2

Excretory organ

Maintain pH of body fluid

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Q

What are the 3 lobes of the right lung

A

Superior

Middle

Inferior

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Q

How many lobes and fissures does the right lung have

A

3 lobes

2 fissures

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Q

Which lung is narrower and longer

A

Left lung

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Q

What are the two lobes of the left lung

A

Superior

Inferior

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Q

At which point do the bronchi enter the lung tissue

A

Hilum

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Q

Put these is order:
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity

A

Visceral pleura - pleural cavity - parietal pleura

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Q

When the respiratory system is divided by position where does the larynx go

A

Upper respiratory tract

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Q

The trachea is part of which tract when divided by position

A

Lower respiratory tract

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Q

When divided by function what makes up the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli

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Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity in respiration

A

Warms cleanses and humidifies inhaled air

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Q

How long is the pharynx

A

13cm

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Q

What extends from the nose to the larynx

A

Pharynx

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Q

What is the epiglottis

A

The trap door at the larynx

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Q

What connects the laryngophrynx with the trachea

A

Larynx

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Q

What is the trachea made up of

A

16-20 C-shaped rings of cartilage

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Q

Which cells make up the respiratory mucosa in the trachea

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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Q

Which cells produce mucous

A

Goblet cells

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Q

Approximately how many alveoli are there

A

> 300 million

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Q

Which arteries supply the lung tissue with blood

A

Bronchial arteries

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Q

Which 2 muscles are involved in quiet inspiration

A

Diaphragm (80%) 
External intercostals (20%)

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Q

Which nerve innovates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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Q

During quiet inspiration … contracts and pulls down, the … … also contract moving the rib cage up and out

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

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Quiet expiration is a ... process

Passive

During quiet expiration the diaphragm and external intercostals ...

Relax

During forced inspiration which extra muscles are used along with the diaphragm and external intercostals

Scalenes Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major

During forced expiration which additional muscles are used

Internal intercostals Oblique and rectus abdominis muscles Quadratus lumbourum

What do the internal intercostals do during forced expiration

Help pull the rib cage down

What is atmospheric pressure at sea level

760mmHg

What is intrapleural pressure

Pressure between the pleura - in the pleural cavity

What does intrapleural pressure do

Stops the lungs from collapsing

When you breath in there is ... intrapleural pressure

Negative

What is intrapulmonary pressure

Pressure difference between inside of lungs and atmosphere

As we breath in, the rib cage goes up and out and the diaphragm pulls down, this increases the amount of space, resulting in a ... of intrapulmonary pressure

Reduction

As we exhale the diaphragm and external intercostals relax, reducing the size of the thoracic cavity which ... the intrapulmonary pressure

Increases

Air enters the lungs down pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure ...

Equals atmospheric pressure

In pneumonia alveolar walls are...

Thickened by oedema

In emphysema alveolar walls are...

Destroyed

What would you use to test the speed at which you breath out

Peak flow metre

What would you use to measure the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs

Spirometer

The pressure exerted by each gas is directly proportional to its % in the total gas mixture is the

Partial pressure

Which gas exerts the most partial pressure in the atmosphere

Nitrogen

Gases ... ... their pressure gradients

Diffuse down

The partial pressure of O2 is ... than CO2 The solubility of O2 is ... than CO2

Greater Less than

98.5% of oxygen is transported bound to

Hb

Hb can carry ... molecules of O2

4

O2 is ... soluble in H2O

Not very

What factors influence Hb saturation

CO2 Temperature Blood acidity Structure of Hb

70% of CO2 is transported as ... in ...

Bicarbonate HCO3 Plasma

What is the equation for carbon dioxide transport

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H + HCO3

If co2 levels increase more H is produced making blood ...

More acidic

If CO2 levels decrease then less H is made, making blood more

Alkali

Where is breathing controlled

Pons and medulla

In respiratory acidosis

Too much CO2 therefore too much H

In respiratory alkalosis

Too little CO2 therefore too few H therefore pH increases

Where are the main receptors for O2 levels

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors for detecting blood O2 levels

Aortic bodies Carotid bodies

Where are the main receptors for CO2 levels

Central chemoreceptors

If there is an increase in CO2 levels there is an ... in ventilation

Increase

If there is a decrease in CO2 levels there is an ... in ventilation

Decrease

What is the key driver for breathing

CO2

The wall of the trachea possesses

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

During inspiration: 1. The diaphragm relaxes 2. The abdominal contents are displaced headwards 3. Pressure in the alveoli is less than atmospheric pressure 4. The lungs deflate

Pressure in the alveoli is less than atmospheric pressure

Formation of HCO3 in systemic blood: 1. Occurs in the plasma 2. Accounts for 10% of CO2 transported 3. Is assisted by oxygenation of Hb 4. Results in the formation of H

Results in the formation of H

What are the conchae in the nose

Blood filled folds of tissue

The pleura lines the ... the peritoneum lines the ...

Chest wall Abdominal wall

The diaphragm and external intercostals alone are used during

Quiet inspiration

During forced inspiration what are the first letters of the 4 additional muscles used

S S P P

In the respiratory system where is the surfactant

Between the alveolar and capillaries