Nervous System Flashcards by Alice Caporn | Brainscape

Q

What does the central nervous system contain

A

Brain and spinal cord

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Q

What are the names if the nervous system when classified structurally

A

Central (CNS)

Peripheral (PNS)

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Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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Q

What are the functional classification of the nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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Q

What is the autonomic nervous system split into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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Q

What is a neurone

A

Single nerve cell

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Q

What is a dendrite

A

Sensory receptor

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Q

What is a nerve

A

A bundle of neurones

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Q

Where do nerves enter and leave the CNS

A

12 pairs cranial nerves

31 pairs spinal nerves

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Q

The cerebellum lies … to the brain stem

A

Posterior

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Q

What is the cerebellum involved in

A

Balance

Posture

Muscle tone

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Q

How many cranial nerves arise from the brain stem

A

10

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Q

What is the brain stem made up of

A

Mid brain

Pons

Medulla

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Q

What does the diencephalon contain

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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Q

The thalamus is an important relay station for …

A

Sensory information

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Q

What are sulci

A

The grooves

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Q

What are gyri

A

The folds that stick out

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Q

How many hemispheres does the cerebrum have

A

2

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Q

Why does white matter look white

A

Myelin

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Q

What are basal ganglia made up from

A

Nuclei of neurons

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Q

What is a fissure

A

A big sulci

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Q

How is the cerebrum organised

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

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Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

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Q

Which lobe is responsible for movement and higher thinking

A

Frontal lobe

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Q

Where is the auditory cortex found

A

Temporal lobe

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Q

Which cortex is found in the occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex

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Q

Which lobs is responsible for general sensation and taste

A

Parietal lobe

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Q

What is found in the pre central gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

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Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex found

A

Post central gyrus

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Q

What is the wernicke’s area responsible for

A

Language interpretation

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Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for

A

Speech

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Q

Where is wernicke’s area located

A

Parietal lobe

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Q

Where is Broca’s area located

A

Frontal lobe

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Q

What protects the brain

A

The skull

The meninges

Q

Which tissue makes up the meninges

A

Connective tissue

Q

What are the layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Subarachnoid space

Pia mater

Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

Q

Which layer of the meninges is tough and durable

A

Dura mater

Q

What are the functions of CSF

A

Bathe brain

Remove waste

Helps buoyancy

Q

Which artery supplies the brain

A

Carotid arteries

Q

What is the network of arteries that supply the brain called

A

Circle of Willis

Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12

Q

What do cranial nerves carry

A

Motor fibres or sensory fibres or both

Q

Which cranial nerves carry sensory info

A

Olfactory

Optic

Vestibulocochlea

Q

Which cranial nerves carry motor info

A

Occulomotor

Trochlear

Abducens

Accessory

Hypoglossal

Q

Which cranial nerves carry both sensory and motor info

A

Trigeminal

Facial

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Q

What is the rhyme to remember the cranial nerve fibres

A

Some say marry money but my brother says bog boobs matter more

Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

Q

Where does the spinal cord end

A

Lumbar 1

Q

How many cervical nerves are there

A

8

Q

How many thoracic nerves are there

A

12

Q

How many lumbar nerves are there

A

5

Q

How many sacral nerves are there

A

5

Q

How many coccygeal nerves are there

A

1

Q

Where is a lumbar puncture performed

A

Below L1

Usually upper sacral region

Q

What is a ganglion

A

Group of neuronal cell bodies lying outside the CNS

Q

In the nervous system where are afferent signals going

A

Impulses towards the brain or spinal cord

Q

In the nervous system where are efferent signals going

A

Impulses carried away from the CNS

Q

What produces myelin sheath in the peripheral NS

A

Schwann cells

Q

What produces myelin sheath in the central NS

A

Ogliodendrites

Q

What do ogliodendrites do

A

Produce myelin sheath in the CNS

Q

What are the supporting cells of the nervous system called

A

Neuroglia

Q

What are the nodes of ranvier

A

The gaps between the myelin

Q

What are the gaps between myelin sheath called

A

Nodes of ranvier

Q

What charge is the inside if a neurone

A

Negative

Q

What happens during an action potential

A

Depolarisation - sodium channels open and sodium floods in - making the inside positive

Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and potassium moves out returning the cell to its resting state (negative charge)

Q

Which part of the nervous system is involved in fight or flight

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Q

Which part of the nervous system is also known as voluntary

A

Sympathetic

Q

Which part of the nervous system is also known as involuntary

A

Parasympathetic

Q

What happens during flight or flight

A

Increased HR
increased BP
increased blood flow to muscle
Inhibits GI peristalsis
Bronchial dilation
Pupil dilation

Q

What neurotransmitter is released from a preganglionic neurone in the sympathetic NS

A

Acetylcholine

Q

What neurotransmitter is released from the post ganglionic neurone in the sympathetic NS

A

Noradrenaline

Q

What receptors are found on the target tissue in the sympathetic NS

A

Adrenergic receptors

Q

Where are the nicotinic receptors found

A

Post ganglionic neurone in the sympathetic and autonomic NS

Q

Where does the sympathetic NS leave the spinal cord

A

Thoraco-lumbar (T1-T12, L1-3)

Q

Which branch of the nervous system is associated with rest and digest

A

Autonomic NS

Q

What happens during rest and digest

A

Decreased HR
increased GI motility 
Bronchial constriction 
Pupil constriction 
Gastric acid secretion

Q

Which neurotransmitter is released from pre ganglionic neurones in the parasympathetic NS

A

Acetylcholine

Q

Which neurotransmitter is released from post ganglionic neurones in the autonomic NS

A

Acetylcholine

Q

Which receptors are found on target tissues in the parasympathetic NS

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Q

Where does the parasympathetic NS leave the spinal cord

A

Cranio-sacral regions

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X

sacral nerves S2-S4

Q

Is the preganglionic neurone in the PNS short or long

A

Long

Q

Which nervous systems preganglionic neurone is short

A

Sympathetic