Nervous System Flashcards by Alice Caporn

Q

What does the central nervous system contain

A

Brain and spinal cord

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Q

What are the names if the nervous system when classified structurally

A

Central (CNS)

Peripheral (PNS)

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Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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Q

What are the functional classification of the nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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Q

What is the autonomic nervous system split into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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Q

What is a neurone

A

Single nerve cell

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Q

What is a dendrite

A

Sensory receptor

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Q

What is a nerve

A

A bundle of neurones

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Q

Where do nerves enter and leave the CNS

A

12 pairs cranial nerves

31 pairs spinal nerves

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Q

The cerebellum lies … to the brain stem

A

Posterior

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Q

What is the cerebellum involved in

A

Balance

Posture

Muscle tone

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Q

How many cranial nerves arise from the brain stem

A

10

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Q

What is the brain stem made up of

A

Mid brain

Pons

Medulla

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Q

What does the diencephalon contain

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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Q

The thalamus is an important relay station for …

A

Sensory information

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Q

What are sulci

A

The grooves

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Q

What are gyri

A

The folds that stick out

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Q

How many hemispheres does the cerebrum have

A

2

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Q

Why does white matter look white

A

Myelin

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Q

What are basal ganglia made up from

A

Nuclei of neurons

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Q

What is a fissure

A

A big sulci

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Q

How is the cerebrum organised

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

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Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

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Q

Which lobe is responsible for movement and higher thinking

A

Frontal lobe

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Where is the auditory cortex found

Temporal lobe

Which cortex is found in the occipital lobe

Visual cortex

Which lobs is responsible for general sensation and taste

Parietal lobe

What is found in the pre central gyrus

Primary motor cortex

Where is the primary sensory cortex found

Post central gyrus

What is the wernicke's area responsible for

Language interpretation

What is Broca's area responsible for

Speech

Where is wernicke's area located

Parietal lobe

Where is Broca's area located

Frontal lobe

What protects the brain

The skull The meninges

Which tissue makes up the meninges

Connective tissue

What are the layers of the meninges

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space Pia mater

What does the subarachnoid space contain

Cerebrospinal fluid

Which layer of the meninges is tough and durable

Dura mater

What are the functions of CSF

Bathe brain Remove waste Helps buoyancy

Which artery supplies the brain

Carotid arteries

What is the network of arteries that supply the brain called

Circle of Willis

How many cranial nerves are there

12

What do cranial nerves carry

Motor fibres or sensory fibres or both

Which cranial nerves carry sensory info

Olfactory Optic Vestibulocochlea

Which cranial nerves carry motor info

Occulomotor Trochlear Abducens Accessory Hypoglossal

Which cranial nerves carry both sensory and motor info

Trigeminal Facial Glossopharyngeal Vagus

What is the rhyme to remember the cranial nerve fibres

Some say marry money but my brother says bog boobs matter more

How many spinal nerves are there

31 pairs

Where does the spinal cord end

Lumbar 1

How many cervical nerves are there

8

How many thoracic nerves are there

12

How many lumbar nerves are there

5

How many sacral nerves are there

5

How many coccygeal nerves are there

1

Where is a lumbar puncture performed

Below L1 Usually upper sacral region

What is a ganglion

Group of neuronal cell bodies lying outside the CNS

In the nervous system where are afferent signals going

Impulses towards the brain or spinal cord

In the nervous system where are efferent signals going

Impulses carried away from the CNS

What produces myelin sheath in the peripheral NS

Schwann cells

What produces myelin sheath in the central NS

Ogliodendrites

What do ogliodendrites do

Produce myelin sheath in the CNS

What are the supporting cells of the nervous system called

Neuroglia

What are the nodes of ranvier

The gaps between the myelin

What are the gaps between myelin sheath called

Nodes of ranvier

What charge is the inside if a neurone

Negative

What happens during an action potential

Depolarisation - sodium channels open and sodium floods in - making the inside positive Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and potassium moves out returning the cell to its resting state (negative charge)

Which part of the nervous system is involved in fight or flight

Sympathetic nervous system

Which part of the nervous system is also known as voluntary

Sympathetic

Which part of the nervous system is also known as involuntary

Parasympathetic

What happens during flight or flight

``` Increased HR increased BP increased blood flow to muscle Inhibits GI peristalsis Bronchial dilation Pupil dilation ```

What neurotransmitter is released from a preganglionic neurone in the sympathetic NS

Acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is released from the post ganglionic neurone in the sympathetic NS

Noradrenaline

What receptors are found on the target tissue in the sympathetic NS

Adrenergic receptors

Where are the nicotinic receptors found

Post ganglionic neurone in the sympathetic and autonomic NS

Where does the sympathetic NS leave the spinal cord

Thoraco-lumbar (T1-T12, L1-3)

Which branch of the nervous system is associated with rest and digest

Autonomic NS

What happens during rest and digest

``` Decreased HR increased GI motility Bronchial constriction Pupil constriction Gastric acid secretion ```

Which neurotransmitter is released from pre ganglionic neurones in the parasympathetic NS

Acetylcholine

Which neurotransmitter is released from post ganglionic neurones in the autonomic NS

Acetylcholine

Which receptors are found on target tissues in the parasympathetic NS

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Where does the parasympathetic NS leave the spinal cord

Cranio-sacral regions Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X sacral nerves S2-S4

Is the preganglionic neurone in the PNS short or long

Long

Which nervous systems preganglionic neurone is short

Sympathetic