Reproductive System Flashcards
0
Q
Name four parts of the internal genitalia (female)
A
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
1
Q
What are the functions of the female reproductive system?
A
Production of gametes
Production of hormones
Nourishment and development of embryo
2
Q
Name 3 parts of the external genitalia (female)
A
Mons publis
Labia
Clitoris
3
Q
What is the mons pubis made of
A
Adipose tissue
4
Q
Where does the embryo implant
A
Uterus
5
Q
Where does fertilization usually occur
A
Fallopian tube (ampulla)
6
Q
Is the ovary an endocrine or exocrine organ
A
Endocrine
7
Q
Which ligament do the ovaries lie on
A
Broad ligament
8
Q
Put these is order from superficial to deep: Cortex Medulla Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea
A
Germinal epithelium
Tunica albuginea
Cortex
Medulla
9
Q
Which arteries supply the ovaries
A
Ovarian arteries
10
Q
How many stages are ther in oogenesis
A
3
11
Q
In oogenesis mitosis occurs when
A
Foetal life
12
Q
When does meiosis I finish in oogenesis
A
After puberty
13
Q
When an oocyte is released this is the start of
A
Meiosis II
14
Q
When is meiosis II completed
A
Fertilisation
15
Q
Meiosis is important to decrease the number of chromosomes to
A
23
16
Q
What do the fimbriae in the Fallopian tubes do
A
Sweep the oocyte in
17
Q
Put these in order: Ampulla Isthmus Infudibulum Intramural
A
Infudibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural
18
Q
What lies in a narrow mesentery which forms the free edge of the broad ligament
A
Fallopian tube
19
Q
The Fallopian tube is made of an outer layer of smooth muscle and inner ciliated columnar epithelial cells - what are these for
A
Muscle - peristalsis contractions to move oocyte along
Cilia to propel
Columnar to secrete to help spermatazoa movement
20
Q
Where is tubal fluid found
A
Fallopian tubes
21
Q
What produces currents in the Fallopian tube
A
Fimbriae
22
Q
Up to how many hours after ovulation can fertilisation occur
A
24hours
23
Q
How many days does it take a zygote to pass through the Fallopian tubes
A
3-4 days
24
What is a zygote
Fertilised egg
25
The uterus size ... with age
Decreases
26
What lies between the bladder and the rectum
Uterus
27
What does the utero-sacral ligament connect
Uterus to sacrum
28
Put the areas of the uterus in order
Body
Fundus
Cervix
Fundus
Body
Cervix
29
What connects the vagina to the uterus
Cervix
30
What sits between the rectum and uterus
Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
31
The vesicouterine pouch sits between the
Uterus and bladder
32
Put the wall of the uterus in order
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Endometrium
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
33
Which layer of the uterus wall changes dramatically over the menstrual cycle
Endometrium
34
Which layer of the uterus wall is a mucous membrane
Endometrium
35
The Myometrium is a wall of
Smooth muscle
36
What are the two zones of the endometrium
Functional and basal zones
37
Which zone is shed monthly the basal zone or functional zone
Functional zone
38
Which zone if the endometrium provides cellular reserve for regrowth
Basal layer
39
Which hormone thickens the endometrium in the uterus
Oestrogen
40
What are the 3 parts of the menstrual cycle
Menstrual
Proliferate
Secretory
41
The cervix projects into the
Vagina
42
The ectocervix is continuos with the
Vagina
43
Which part of the cervix is lined with simple columnar epithelium
Endocervix
44
Which part of the cervix in lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Ectocervix
45
What types of cells are dysplasia
Pre cancerous
46
What type of cells line the vagina
Stratified squamous epithelium
47
How long is the vagina
8cm
48
What in the female reproductive system is a fibromuscular tube
Vagina
49
Where are rugae found in the female reproductive tract
Vagina
50
Why is the vagina an acidic environment
Decomposition of glycogen
51
The clitoris is homologous with the
Penis
52
The labia majora is homologous with the
Scrounge
53
The perineal body lies between the
Vagina and anus
54
The pelvic floor is the roof of the
Perineum
55
Which muscle must relax to allow urination and defecation
Levator ani
56
The ovarian arteries an branch from the ... all other arteries in the reproductive system are branches of the ...
Aorta
Internal iliac artery
57
The pudendal arteries supply the
External genitalia
58
What 3 types if tissue make up the mammary glands
Adipose
Glandular
Fibrous
59
Which ducts give rise to lobes in the mammary glands
Lactiferous
60
The myoepithelial do what in the mammary glands
Squirt milk
61
Which tissue increases in the mammary glands during pregnancy in preparation for lactation
Glandular tissue
62
Where is prolactin released from
Anterior pituitary
63
Prolactin stimulates
Mammary gland to lactate
64
Oxytocin is released from
Posterior pituitary
65
What does oxytocin do in the mammary glands
Stimulates ejection (contraction of myoepithelial cells)
66
What provides a pathway for metastasis of breast cancer
Axillary lymph nodes
67
In the reproductive cycle what does the hypothalamus secrete
GnRH
68
In the reproductive cycle what two hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary
LH
FSH
69
Where do the hormones LH and FSH act
Ovaries
70
Which hormones are secreted from the ovaries
Progesterone
Oestrogen
Inhibin
71
Which cells secrete follicular fluid
Granulosa
72
How many follicles mature to become tertiary follicles
1
73
What is a follicle
An ovum
74
Which hormone is required for ovulation
LH
75
Which hormone stimulates the growth and development of follicles
FSH
76
FSH stimulates the secretion of... and ... by the ovaries
Oestrogen
Inhibin
77
What hormone causes the ovarian wall to contract
LH
78
Which hormone is responsible for the formation of corpus luteum
LH
79
Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum
Progesterone
80
The disintegration of the corpus luteum marks the end of the
Ovarian cycle
81
Which hormone is tested for in pregnancy tests
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
82
What hormone prepares for pregnancy
Progesterone
83
Which hormone thickens cervical mucous
Progesterone
84
Which hormone does the pill inhibit
GnRH
85
What is the average age for menopause
52
86
What causes the cessation of menstruation
Oestrogen
87
What is sometimes given to people going through the menopause
HRT therapy
88
What two things make the female reproductive tract a hostile environment
Acidic
Mucous
89
What pH is vaginal fluid
4.3
90
What pH does semen raise the vagina to
7.2
91
What makes the cervical mucus more penetrable to sperm
Increase in water content
92
Which hormone decreases water content in the cervix
Progesterone
93
During fertilisation the egg completes
Meiosis II
94
The zygote divides as it travels from the X to the X
Ampulla
Uterus
95
A blastocyst is a
Collection of cells
96
A trophoblast is the
Outer layer of cells of a blastocyst
97
What does the trophoblast form
Placenta
98
How many days after fertilisation does the embryo attach to the endometrium
8
99
Which hormone regulates contractions in pregnancy
Oxytocin
100
What levels increase substantially after ovulation
Progesterone
101
Which mucous membrane changes during menstrual cycle in response to hormones
Endometrium
102
Which nervous system innervates an erection
Parasympathetic
103
What do parasympathetic nerve fibres release that cause the arterioles supplying the erectile tissue to relax, enabling large amounts of blood to enter
Nitric oxide
104
Where were the testes developed
Near the kidneys
105
When do the testes descend through the inguinal canals to the scrotum
End of 7months of feotal development
106
Put these in order from superficial to deep
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea
Vaginalis
| Albuginea
107
Where are sperm produced
Seminiferous tubules
108
What suspends the testes
Spermatic cord
109
How long is the vas deferens
45 cm
110
What does the vas deferens do
Stores and conveys spermatazoa
111
What does the ampulla of the vas deferens join
Ejaculatory duct
112
Put these in order
Membranous urethra
Prostatic urethra
Spongy urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous
Spongy
113
Where would you find the dartos muscle
Scrotum
114
Where would you find the cremaster muscle
Testes
115
Where is sperm matured and stored
Epididymis
116
What so Sertoli cells do
In the seminiferous tubules, secrete nutrients for developing spermatazoa
117
How long do sperm take to travel through the epididymis
20 days
118
The prostate lies .... to the bladder
Inferior
119
What does the prostate secrete that is used by sperm for ATP
Citric acid
120
Where would you find seminal plasmin and what is it's function
Secreted by prostate
Antibiotic helps reduce number of bacteria in semen
121
How long does spermatogenesis take
65-75 days
122
Spermatocytogenesis is what
First stage (mitosis) of spermatogenesis
123
What does the hypothalamus release in male reproduction
GnRH
124
Which two hormones are released from the anterior pituitary in male reproduction
LH
FSH
125
Where does LH work in the male reproductive system
Leydig cells in the testes - secrete testosterone
126
Which cells secrete testosterone
Leydig cells
127
Where does FSH work in the male reproductive system
Sertoli cells in the Seminiferous tubules in the testes
128
What do Sertoli cells secrete that forms negative feedback in male reproduction
Inhibin
129
What does Inhibin do in male reproduction
Stops the secretion of FSH
