Metabolism Flashcards by Alice Caporn | Brainscape

Q

What is anabolic metabolism?

A

When small molecules are joined together to form complex structures

Uses energy

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Q

What is catabolic metabolism?

A

Breaking large molecules down to small ones

Releases energy

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Q

Carbohydrates are broken down into

A

Simple sugars

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Q

Proteins are broken down into

A

Amino acids

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Q

Lipids are broken down into

A

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

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Q

Name some examples if nutrients

A

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Minerals 
Vitamins
Water

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Q

Name some examples of macronutrients

A

Water
Carbs
Proteins
Fats

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Q

Name some examples of micronutrients

A

Minerals and vitamins

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Q

Glucose, galactose and fructose are all

A

Monosaccharides

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Q

Disaccharides are made up of two …

A

Monosaccharides

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Q

What do the monosaccharides glucose and fructose make

A

Sucrose

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Q

What do the monosaccharides glucose and galactose make

A

Lactose

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Q

What do the monosaccharides glucose and glucose form

A

Maltose

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Q

Polysaccharides are

A

Complex carbohydrates

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Q

Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all

A

Polysaccharides

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Q

All carbohydrates generate

A

Glucose

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Q

What is the GDA for carbohydrates

A

230g/day

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Q

Why are polysaccharides the best form of carb

A

Release energy slower

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Q

Fibre is also known as

A

Cellulose

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Q

What is the GDA for fibre

A

24g/day

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Q

What absorbs water in the intestine and so softens the stool

A

Fibre

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Q

How many amino acids are there

A

20

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Q

How many amino acids can’t be synthesised

A

8

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Q

Leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and methionine are all …

A

Amino acids that need to be ingested

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Q

What is the GDA for protein

A

45-60g/day

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Q

Complete proteins contain

A

All amino acids

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Q

Complete proteins are found in

A

Animal products

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Q

Vit A, D, E and K are all

A

Fat soluble vitamins

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Q

What are lipids like in water

A

Not water soluble

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Q

High density lipoproteins have

A

Higher protein to fat ratio

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Q

How are lipids transported in the blood

A

As lipoproteins

Q

Chylomicrons transport triglycerides and cholesterol via

A

The lymphatic system

Q

Which vitamins are not stored in the body

A

B and C

Q

Which vitamins are water soluble

A

B and C

Q

Which type of metabolism uses energy

A

Anabolism

Q

The building up of amino acids to proteins is an example of

A

Anabolism

Q

The amount of heat required to heat 1litre of water by 1degree equals

A

1 kcal

Q

The metabolic rate is

A

The rate of energy released from cells

Q

The basal metabolic rate is

A

Energy release required to support vital organs

Q

In protein metabolism what happens during anabolism

A

Amino acids are used to form new proteins

Q

In protein metabolism what happens during catabolism

A

Broken down - amino acids can enter TCA cycle

Can be converted to urea in the liver

Q

Which organ converts protein to urea

A

Liver

Q

In carb anabolism glucose is converted to

A

Glycogen

Q

In carb catabolism glucose is

A

Used to form ATP via glycolysis or TCA cycle

Q

How much ATP is yielded by glycolysis

A

2 ATP

Q

For glycolysis how does glucose enter the cell

A

Glucose transported

Q

During glycolysis what is glucose broken down into

A

Pyruvic acid

Q

If there is no oxygen in the cell what is pyruvate converted into

A

Lactic acid

Q

If there is plenty of oxygen in the cell what happens to pyruvate

A

Enters TCA cycle

Q

Where does the TCA cycle take place

A

Mitochondria

Q

What is pyruvate converted into

A

Acetyl Co Enzyme A

Q

The TCA cycle produces how much ATP

A

36

Q

During the presence of oxygen in a cell during carbohydrate catabolism how much ATP is yielded

A

38

Q

Which lipoprotein removes the cholesterol from the blood and returns it to the liver for elimination

A

HDLs

Q

During the absorptive metabolic state what is the main process occurring

A

Anabolism

Q

During the post abortive state what is the main process occurring

A

Catabolism

Q

How long does the absorptive state last

A

4 hours

Q

The synthesis of glycogen from glucose is called

A

Glycogenesis

Q

Glycogenesis is

A

The synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Q

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose is

A

Glycogenolysis

Q

Glycogenolysis is

A

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Q

The synthesis of glucose from amino acids is

A

Gluconeogenesis

Q

What is the normal range of blood glucose

A

3.5-8.0

Q

What is secreted by pancreatic beta cells

A

Insulin

Q

Which hormone decreases blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

Q

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon

Q

Which hormone is secreted during the absorptive state

A

Insulin

Q

Which hormone inhibits gluconeogenesis

A

Insulin

Q

Which hormone stimulate Glycogenesis

A

Insulin

Q

During the post absorptive state which 3 hormones are in action

A

Glucagon

Adrenaline

Glucocorticoids (cortisone, cortisol)

Q

If there is too much acetyl coA what is it converted to

A

Ketone bodies

Q

Name a carbohydrate stored in the liver

A

Glucagon

Q

Name a monosaccharide

A

Glucose

Q

Glutamine is a…

A

Amino acid

Q

What is the formation of glucose from non carbs

A

Gluconeogenesis

Q

What is he process which breaks down glucose in the cell to produce ATP

A

Glycolysis