Renal System Flashcards by Alice Caporn

Q

Renin release:

Tends to decrease plasma volume
Directly acts on ACE
Is promoted by reduced arteriolar stretch in glomerulus
Inhibits aldosterone release

A

Is promoted by reduced arteriolar stretch in glomerulus

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Q

Anti diuretic hormone is secreted by

A

The posterior pituitary

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Q

The proximal tube of the nephron:

Has an active transport carrier for urea molecules
Is impermeable to chloride ions
Reabsorbs most of the Na ions in the glomerular filtrate
Has an active transport carrier for water molecules

A

Reabsorbs most Na

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Q

Anti diuretic hormone:

Makes the collecting duct more permeable to water
Is released in response to an increase in blood volume
Increases urine output
Is secreted by the adrenal glands

A

Makes he collecting duct more permeable to water

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Q

What 4 things is the urinary system made up of

A

Kidneys

Ureters

Bladder

Urethra

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Q

The kidney sits … to the abdominal wall

A

Posterior

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Q

What is 11cm long X 6 cm wide X 3cm thick

A

Kidney

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Q

What carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

Ureters

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Q

How long is the ureter

A

25-30cm long

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Q

How is urine moved along in the ureters

A

Peristaltic contractions

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Q

How much urine does the bladder hold

A

250-300ml

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Q

Is the urethra longer in men or women

A

Women

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Q

… arterioles brings the blood into the nephron … arterioles takes the blood away

A

Afferent

Efferent

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Q

The cortical nephron sits … and accounts for X%

A

Above

85%

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Q

Which nephron is involved mostly in secretion and absorption

A

Cortical

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Q

The juxtamedullary nephron sits … and accounts for X%

A

Below

15%

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Q

Which nephron is mainly involved in concentrating urine

A

Juxtamedullary

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Q

The filtration of a protein free plasma from the glomerulus to the bowmans capsule is

A

Glomerular filtration

Q

What do fenustrated capillaries do

A

Large things stay inside; cells, proteins and electrolytes and H2O are filtered

Q

In men how many litres of plasma are filtered a day

A

180L

Q

In females how many litres of plasma are filtered a day

A

160L

Q

Where does most reabsorption occur in the nephron

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

How much glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule

A

100%

Q

Where does 25% of sodium reabsorption occur in the nephron

A

Loop of henle

Where does aldosterone work to increase sodium reabsorption in the nephron

Distal tubule and collecting duct

What does aldosterone do

Increases sodium reabsorption

What increases sodium reabsorption

Aldosterone

What increases water reabsorption in the nephron

ADH

Where does ADH work in the nephron

Collecting duct

What increases sodium excretion in the nephron

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

How does ANP work in the nephron

Increases sodium excretion

Where is aldosterone released from

Adrenal cortex

What do juxtamedullary cells release

Renin

If there is a decrease in intrarenal pressure ... is released

Renin

Which cells detect intrarenal pressure

Macula densa cells

What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Renin

In metabolic acidosis the kidneys excrete ...

H

What does the kidney produce that activates vitamin D

Calcitol

The kidney produces 3 enzymes/hormones:

EPO Renin Calcitol

What are the main causes of kidney disease

Hypertension Diabetes Kidney cancer

Put the path of blood through the kidneys into order: | Renal vein, arcuate artery, renal artery, interlobar artery, interlobular artery

Renal artery Interlobar artery Arcutate artery Interlobular artery

pH = measure of concentration of ... ions

H

What is completely reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

Glucose