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Pathology > Skeletal System 2 > Flashcards

Skeletal System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The “sail sign” involves:

anterior fat pad of elbow
posterior fat pad of elbow
1st carpometacarpal joint
distal radius

A

anterior fat pad of elbow

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2
Q

The best exam for evaluating early stages of osteoporosis is:

X-rays of the thoracic spine
MRI of the hip and spine
Bone mineral densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and hip
CT of the lumbar spine and hip

A

Bone mineral densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and hip

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3
Q

The endocrine system includes which of the following glands/organs?
1. Thyroid
2. Thymus
3. Pancreas

2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

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4
Q

What classification is given to a fracture that fails to heal?

Delayed union
Poor union
Malunion
Nonunion

A

Nonunion

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5
Q

The twisting or rotary movement to a long bone that results in a spiral fracture is classified as:

Non-comminuted fracture
Transverse fracture
Impacted fracture
Comminuted fracture

A

Non-comminuted fracture

AKA Complete Fracture- bone has separated into two fragments and stays in place
Spiral Fracture- fracture winds around the length of your bone at an angle

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6
Q

Which imaging modality best demonstrates avascular necrosis in its early stages?

Radiography
CT
Nuclear medicine
MRI

A

MRI

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7
Q

Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture? (Choose 1)

Maxilla
Mandible
Nasal
Zygoma

A

Zygoma

zygomatic bone is fractured at all three sutures: frontal, temporal, and maxillary

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8
Q

Which imaging modality is the most reliable in imaging the hypothalamus?

Sestamibi nuclear medicine scans
MRI
DXA
CT

A

MRI

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9
Q

The hypothalamus controls the
1. pineal gland.
2. pituitary gland.
3. thyroid gland.

1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 2 only

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10
Q

Overactivity of the thyroid gland results in

hyperthyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypothyroidism

A

hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

Which bone has the slowest healing time following traumatic injury?

Maxilla
Nasal
Malar
Mandible

A

Mandible

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12
Q

Which imaging modality best demonstrates avascular necrosis in its early stages?

CT
Nuclear medicine
MRI
Radiography

A

MRI

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13
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-a fracture in which the bone has penetrated the skin

greenstick
closed
open/compound
chip

A

open/compound

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14
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-fracture of the fifth metacarpal as a result of a blow to or with the hand.

-sometimes involves the fourth metacarpal

-most common type of metacarpal fracture

-may be immobilized with or without reduction

Boxer’s
Smith
Bennett
Colles

A

Boxer’s

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15
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head

Boxer’s
Bennett
Smith
Monteggia

A

Monteggia

Boxer’s- fracture occurs when the fifth metacarpal (occasionally fourth) as a result of a blow to or with the hand.

Bennett- Fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint.

Smith- Displacement of the distal radius toward the palmer aspect of the hand.

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16
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-fractures of the _________ in long bones sometimes involve the epiphysis

-fractures of this type are numbered I through VI using the Salter-Harris system

growth plate
medullary canal
diaphysis
bone marrow

A

growth plate

17
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-metabolic bone disorder in which the structural integrity of the trabecular pattern of bone is destroyed with a loss of bone mass and density

-primary (Type 1) can be classified as postmenopausal or senile. Postmenopausal is the most common form of the disease with greater than 70% of women aged 60 or older having the disease.

-secondary (Type 2) is most commonly associated with an existing disease process or is the result of medication

-over time, compression fractures can occur as bones weaken

-subtractive pathology that requires a decrease in exposure factors

Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Rickets
Osteomalacia

A

Osteoporosis

18
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-metabolic disorder of unknown origin

-common in older adults and usually begins in the 5th decade of human life

-may affect 1 or more bones, most commonly the pelvis, spine, skull, femur, and tibia, and long bones

-2 stages of the disease:
1. osteolytic- bone undergoes continuous destruction
2. osteoblastic- bone is replaced by abnormally soft and poorly mineralized bone. This bone diminishes the trabeculae and is bulky, porous, and highly vascular.

-radiographically described as “cotton wool”. Also, cortical thickening is seen with coarse trabecular patterns

Osteomalacia
Paget’s disease
Acromegaly
Osteopenia

A

Paget’s disease

19
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-most common wrist fracture and it usually results from falling on an outstretched hand

-distal fragment is usually angled backward on the shaft, with impaction along the dorsal aspect

-an avulsion fracture of the ulnar styloid process occurs about 1/2 of the time

-the external skin contour displays a “dinner fork” deformity

Bennett
Monteggia
Smith
Colles’

A

Colles’

Bennett- Fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint.

Monteggia- Fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head.

Smith- Displacement of the distal radius toward the palmer aspect of the hand.

20
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-this fracture involves both malleoli, with dislocation of the ankle joint

Colles’ fracture
Pott fracture
Monteggia fracture
Maisonneuve fracture

A

Pott fracture

Colles’- Fracture through the distal radius. The fragment is angled backward on the shaft.

Monteggia- Fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head.

21
Q

Cortex breaks on one side without separation or breaking of the opposing cortex.

Blowout fracture
Greenstick fracture
Bennett fracture
Spiral fracture

A

Greenstick fracture

Blowout- results from a direct blow to the front of the orbit that transfers the force to the orbital walls and floor.

22
Q

-Fracture wherein clinical signs are manifested without radiologic evidence.
-Common sites are the carpal scaphoid and the ribs.

Blowout fracture
Pott Fracture
Smith fracture
Occult fracture

A

Occult fracture

23
Q

Fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft e.g. Chip fracture.

Compound fracture
Bennett fracture
Avulsion fracture
Blowout fracture

A

Avulsion fracture

24
Q

-Fracture through the distal inch of the radius.
-Distal fragment is usually angled backward on the shaft.
-FOOSH injury.
-Radiographically: “dinner fork” deformity.

Blowout fracture
Colle’s fracture
Bennett fracture
Spiral fracture

A

Colle’s fracture

25
Q

-Bone has penetrated the skin.
-Also called open fracture.

Blowout fracture
Compound fracture
Bennett fracture
Comminuted fracture

A

Compound fracture

26
Q

-Endocrine disorder caused by a disturbance in the function of the pituitary gland.
-Radiographically: enlarged sella turcica and changes in the skull, often obliterating the diploë.

Enchondroma
Syndactyly
Acromegaly
Clubfoot

A

Acromegaly

27
Q

Congenital premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures before the brain is fully formed.

Craniosynostosis
Achondroplasia
Bone Densitometry/DXA
Anencephaly

A

Craniosynostosis

Achondroplasia- Bone deformity with decreased bone formation and disproportionate dwarfism

Anencephaly- A congenital abnormality in most cases where the facial bones are formed, but the brain is underdeveloped, and the cranial vault is incomplete

28
Q

Fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint.

Occult fracture
Bennett fracture
Spiral fracture
Compound fracture

A

Bennett fracture

29
Q

One or more fragments separate along the edges of the major fragment in addition to the major line of the fracture.

Colle’s fracture
Transverse fracture
Greenstick fracture
Comminuted fracture

A

Comminuted fracture

30
Q

Growth plate fractures classification according to severity and involvement of the epiphysis.

Spiral fracture
Salter-Harris
Osteopetrosis
Chondrosarcoma

A

Salter-Harris

31
Q

-Complete, noncomminuted fracture.
-Radiographically; ragged along the fracture line (break 90-degree angle to the long bone).

Reactive arthritis
Boxer’s fracture
Smith fracture
Transverse fracture

A

Transverse fracture

32
Q

-Displacement of the distal fragment toward the palmar aspect of the hand.
-Direct blow or fall with the wrist in hyperflexion

Occult fracture
Spiral fracture
Blowout fracture
Smith fracture

A

Smith fracture

33
Q

Fracture that involves both malleoli, with dislocation of the ankle joint.

Pott fracture
Blowout fracture
Pott Disease
Bennett fracture

A

Pott fracture

34
Q

The imaging modality that offers assessment abd evaluation of the body’s metabolic function is:

CT
Radiography
Nuclear medicine
Bone density (DXA)

A

Nuclear medicine

Pathology (14 decks)

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