Skeletal System 2 Flashcards
The “sail sign” involves:
anterior fat pad of elbow
posterior fat pad of elbow
1st carpometacarpal joint
distal radius
anterior fat pad of elbow
The best exam for evaluating early stages of osteoporosis is:
X-rays of the thoracic spine
MRI of the hip and spine
Bone mineral densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and hip
CT of the lumbar spine and hip
Bone mineral densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and hip
The endocrine system includes which of the following glands/organs?
1. Thyroid
2. Thymus
3. Pancreas
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
What classification is given to a fracture that fails to heal?
Delayed union
Poor union
Malunion
Nonunion
Nonunion
The twisting or rotary movement to a long bone that results in a spiral fracture is classified as:
Non-comminuted fracture
Transverse fracture
Impacted fracture
Comminuted fracture
Non-comminuted fracture
AKA Complete Fracture- bone has separated into two fragments and stays in place
Spiral Fracture- fracture winds around the length of your bone at an angle
Which imaging modality best demonstrates avascular necrosis in its early stages?
Radiography
CT
Nuclear medicine
MRI
MRI
Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture? (Choose 1)
Maxilla
Mandible
Nasal
Zygoma
Zygoma
zygomatic bone is fractured at all three sutures: frontal, temporal, and maxillary
Which imaging modality is the most reliable in imaging the hypothalamus?
Sestamibi nuclear medicine scans
MRI
DXA
CT
MRI
The hypothalamus controls the
1. pineal gland.
2. pituitary gland.
3. thyroid gland.
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Overactivity of the thyroid gland results in
hyperthyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
Which bone has the slowest healing time following traumatic injury?
Maxilla
Nasal
Malar
Mandible
Mandible
Which imaging modality best demonstrates avascular necrosis in its early stages?
CT
Nuclear medicine
MRI
Radiography
MRI
Identify the pathologic condition.
-a fracture in which the bone has penetrated the skin
greenstick
closed
open/compound
chip
open/compound
Identify the pathologic condition.
-fracture of the fifth metacarpal as a result of a blow to or with the hand.
-sometimes involves the fourth metacarpal
-most common type of metacarpal fracture
-may be immobilized with or without reduction
Boxer’s
Smith
Bennett
Colles
Boxer’s
Identify the pathologic condition.
-fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head
Boxer’s
Bennett
Smith
Monteggia
Monteggia
Boxer’s- fracture occurs when the fifth metacarpal (occasionally fourth) as a result of a blow to or with the hand.
Bennett- Fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint.
Smith- Displacement of the distal radius toward the palmer aspect of the hand.
Identify the pathologic condition.
-fractures of the _________ in long bones sometimes involve the epiphysis
-fractures of this type are numbered I through VI using the Salter-Harris system
growth plate
medullary canal
diaphysis
bone marrow
growth plate
Identify the pathologic condition.
-metabolic bone disorder in which the structural integrity of the trabecular pattern of bone is destroyed with a loss of bone mass and density
-primary (Type 1) can be classified as postmenopausal or senile. Postmenopausal is the most common form of the disease with greater than 70% of women aged 60 or older having the disease.
-secondary (Type 2) is most commonly associated with an existing disease process or is the result of medication
-over time, compression fractures can occur as bones weaken
-subtractive pathology that requires a decrease in exposure factors
Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Identify the pathologic condition.
-metabolic disorder of unknown origin
-common in older adults and usually begins in the 5th decade of human life
-may affect 1 or more bones, most commonly the pelvis, spine, skull, femur, and tibia, and long bones
-2 stages of the disease:
1. osteolytic- bone undergoes continuous destruction
2. osteoblastic- bone is replaced by abnormally soft and poorly mineralized bone. This bone diminishes the trabeculae and is bulky, porous, and highly vascular.
-radiographically described as “cotton wool”. Also, cortical thickening is seen with coarse trabecular patterns
Osteomalacia
Paget’s disease
Acromegaly
Osteopenia
Paget’s disease
Identify the pathologic condition.
-most common wrist fracture and it usually results from falling on an outstretched hand
-distal fragment is usually angled backward on the shaft, with impaction along the dorsal aspect
-an avulsion fracture of the ulnar styloid process occurs about 1/2 of the time
-the external skin contour displays a “dinner fork” deformity
Bennett
Monteggia
Smith
Colles’
Colles’
Bennett- Fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint.
Monteggia- Fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head.
Smith- Displacement of the distal radius toward the palmer aspect of the hand.
Identify the pathologic condition.
-this fracture involves both malleoli, with dislocation of the ankle joint
Colles’ fracture
Pott fracture
Monteggia fracture
Maisonneuve fracture
Pott fracture
Colles’- Fracture through the distal radius. The fragment is angled backward on the shaft.
Monteggia- Fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head.
Cortex breaks on one side without separation or breaking of the opposing cortex.
Blowout fracture
Greenstick fracture
Bennett fracture
Spiral fracture
Greenstick fracture
Blowout- results from a direct blow to the front of the orbit that transfers the force to the orbital walls and floor.
-Fracture wherein clinical signs are manifested without radiologic evidence.
-Common sites are the carpal scaphoid and the ribs.
Blowout fracture
Pott Fracture
Smith fracture
Occult fracture
Occult fracture
Fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft e.g. Chip fracture.
Compound fracture
Bennett fracture
Avulsion fracture
Blowout fracture
Avulsion fracture
-Fracture through the distal inch of the radius.
-Distal fragment is usually angled backward on the shaft.
-FOOSH injury.
-Radiographically: “dinner fork” deformity.
Blowout fracture
Colle’s fracture
Bennett fracture
Spiral fracture
Colle’s fracture
