Intro to Pathology Flashcards
A syndrome is best defined as
a genetic abnormality of a single protein
an adverse response to medical treatment
signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance
the patient’s perception of the disease
signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance
An adverse response to medical treatment itself is termed
idiopathic
nosocomial
autoimmune
iatrogenic
iatrogenic
Idiopathic- when no cause to a reaction can be identified
An abnormal disturbance of the function and structure of the human body following injury refers to
manifestations.
pathogenesis.
disease.
etiology.
disease.
manifestations- observable changes
pathogenesis- the sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately lead to observable changes
etiology- the study of the cause of a disease
Diseases caused by the disturbance of normal physiologic function are classified as
neoplastic
metabolic
degenerative
traumatic
metabolic
neoplastic- new, abnormal tissue growth
Diseases that are present at birth from genetic or environmental factors are classified as
genetic
degenerative
metabolic
congenital
congenital
Hereditary- caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to a child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and are delivered through ancestors
Diseases that generally require a decrease in the exposure technique are considered
subtractive
lytic
All of the above
destructive
All of the above
In classification of a tumor using the TNM system, the T refers to the
size of the primary tumor
distant metastasis
histologic grading of the primary tumor
lymph node involvement
size of the primary tumor
N- lymph node involvement occurs
M- distant metastasis (cancer moves)
Prognosis refers to
the predicted course and outcome of the disease
the name of the particular disease
diseases usually having a quick onset
the structure of cells or tissue
the predicted course and outcome of the disease
The ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome the body’s defenses best describes
infection
pathogenesis
virulence
etiology
virulence
The study of the cause of disease is termed
etiology
pathogenesis
prognosis
disease
etiology
The spread of cancerous cells into surrounding tissue by virtue of the close proximity best describes
invasion
hematogenous spread
lymphatic spread
seeding
invasion
Seeding- when a cancerous cell travels to a distant site or organ system
Which of the following are leading causes of death in the United States for adults aged 45 years and greater?
1. Heart disease
2. Malignant neoplasm
3. Polycystic kidney disease
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only
neoplasm- mass
Which of the following imaging modalities are used in the staging of neoplastic tumors?
1. CT
2. PET
3. MRI
1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Also Includes: SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT), Radiography, Ultrasound, CT/SPECT, CT/PET
A higher probability of malignancy is seen in ______________ cells.
undifferentiated
atrophic
hypertrophic
differentiated
undifferentiated
differentiated cells which have a more specialized function (they’re more complicated and don’t multiply as easily)
A physician states that a patient needing a chest x-ray has a high-grade fever. This is an example of a(n):
sign
prognosis
incidence
symptom
sign
sign- an objective manifestation that is detected by the physician during examination (fever, swelling, skin rash)
prognosis- the predicted course and outcome of the disease
incidence- rate of occurrence
symptom- the individual’s perception of the disease (headache)
Diseases that have a quick onset and last for a short period of time are said to be:
nosocomial
hereditary
chronic
acute
acute
Endocrine disorders in which there is hypersecretion or hyposecretion of hormones are examples of _________________________ diseases.
Neoplastic
Metabolic
Inflammatory
Traumatic
Metabolic
Metabolic- diseases caused by the disturbance of normal physiologic function
The incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine is referred to as the:
mortality rate
prevalence
incidence
morbidity rate
morbidity rate
When comparing the two, which neoplasm grows at the faster rate?
Benign
Malignant
Malignant
When there is a decrease in the atomic number of the tissue or decrease in tissue thickness, the disease process is termed:
Neither of the answer
destructive
additive
destructive
Investigation of disease in large groups.
Pathology
Etiology
Immunology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Etiology- the study of the cause of a disease
The number of cases found in a given population.
Epidemiology
Mortality
Prevalence
Morphology
Prevalence
Epidemiology- study if a disease in a large group
Mortality- the average number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a population
Morphology- structure of cells or tissues
Structure of cells or tissue.
Morphology
Metabolic
Prevalence
Epidemiology
Morphology
Hard or Hardening. (Medical Terminology)
Sclerosis
Iatrogenic
Dysplasia
-Porosis
Sclerosis
