Skeletal System 1 Flashcards
A 75-year-old patient with weight-bearing AP and lateral knee radiographs of the left knee demonstrates a decreased medial joint compartment and osteophyte formation on the medial femoral condyle. What would be the initial diagnosis?
Osteoarthritis
Osteomyelitis
Ewing sarcoma
Reiter syndrome
Osteoarthritis
Osteomyelitis- infection of the bone marrow and surrounding bone
Congenital clubfoot is also known as
talipes
syndactyly
DDH
fibrous dysplasia
talipes
One of the most common areas for metastasis for osteosarcomas is to the
breast
lung
brain
colon
lung
metastasis- tumor moves to other parts of the body
osteosarcomas- bone cancer from osteoblasts
Osteopetrosis requires what type of technical factor change?
No change
Increase
Decrease
Increase
The most commonly inherited disorder affecting the skeletal system is
achondroplasia
osteogenesis imperfecta
syndactyly
enchondroma
achondroplasia
achondroplasia- decreased bone formation, dwarfism
osteogenesis imperfecta- bone deformities, brittle bones, bowing of legs
syndactyly- causes failure of fingers or toes to separate
enchondroma- tumor inside metaphysis (growth plate)
What type of aggressive bone-forming neoplasm that is most often located in the bone marrow gives the radiographic appearance of a sunray or sunburst?
Osteomyelitis
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Multiple myeloma
Osteosarcoma
Osteomyelitis- infection of the bone marrow
Chondrosarcoma- cancer that begins in your cartilage
Multiple myeloma- hematopoietic disease leaves “punched out” round lesions in x-ray
Which disease is congenital?
Pott disease
Osteoporosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Paget disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Pott disease- tuberculosis of the spine
Osteoporosis- increase in bone density, creates brittle bones
Osteogenesis imperfecta- bone deformities, brittle bones, bowed legs
Marie–Strümpell disease or “bamboo spine” is a symptom of the pathology known as
scoliosis
ankylosing spondylitis
spina bifida
spondylolisthesis
ankylosing spondylitis
What skeletal pathology could be a contributing factor for a cervical rib?
Spina bifida
Transitional vertebrae
Scoliosis
Spondylolisthesis
Transitional vertebrae
Spina bifida- incomplete closure of vertebral foramen
A 15-year-old male patient presents for a right knee series after sustaining a varus injury while playing football. AP, lateral, and both oblique radiographs of the knee demonstrate an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau (Segond fracture). What additional imaging modality would be best utilized in the diagnosis for this patient?
CT
Knee arthrography
Nuclear medicine
MRI
MRI
The primary site of ossification is the
epiphyseal plate
diaphysis
metaphysis
epiphysis
diaphysis
Diploë is specific to cancellous bone located in what anatomic structure?
Skull
Femur
Sternum
Humerus
Skull
Identify the pathologic condition.
-abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
-usually not apparent until adolescence and affects females more than men
-can cause cardiopulmonary complications, degenerative spinal arthritis, fatigue, and joint dysfunction syndromes
-may be corrected with a brace or body cast with spinal curves of 25 to 35 degrees or surgery may be required for spinal curves greater than 40 degrees
Spina bifida
Scoliosis
Transitional vertebra
Osteomyelitis
Scoliosis
Identify the pathologic condition.
-an autoimmune disease that fluctuates in severity
-chronic inflammation and overgrowth of the synovial tissues, most often in the extremities
-cartilage, bone, and supporting structures are eventually destroyed
-radiographically visible are soft tissue swelling, osteoporosis, joint space narrowing, cartilage destruction, and subluxation or dislocation of the involved joint
Osteoarthritis
Gouty arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Identify the pathologic condition.
-brittle bone disease
-imperfect formation of osseous tissue, skin, sclera, inner ear, and teeth
-can be present at birth (congenita) or may appear some years after birth (tarda)
-radiographically demonstrates multiple fractures in various stages of healing and a general decrease in bone mass
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Pott disease
Sequestrum
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Identify the pathologic condition.
-failure of the fingers or toes to separate
-physical appearance of webbed digits
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Syndactyly
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
Polydactyly- Presence of an extra digit or digits
Identify the pathologic condition.
-premature or early closure of any of the cranial sutures
-altered head shape due to overgrowth of the unfused sutures to accommodate brain growth
-can be corrected with surgery but brain damage may occur
Spina bifida
Ankylosing spondylitis
Anencephaly
Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis
Identify the pathologic condition.
-inherited metabolic disorder in which excess amounts of uric acid are produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone
-most commonly affects the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe
-characterized by acute attacks with intervals of remission
-uric acid crystallizes (tophi) in the joint creating an inflammatory response
-radiographically bone erosion can be seen with overhanging edges or “rat bitten” appearance
Bursitis
Tenosynoviti
Gouty arthritis
Tendonitis
Gouty arthritis
Identify the pathologic condition.
-referred to as marble bone
-increase in bone density with defective bone contour
-bones are abnormally heavy and compact yet brittle
-all bones are affected, but most changes occur in long bones of extremities, vertebrae, pelvis, and base of skull
Osteoclastoma
Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Osteoclastoma- tumor composed of numerous multinucleated giant cells
Osteogenesis imperfecta- aka brittle bone disease
Identify the pathologic condition.
-tumor composed of numerous multinucleated giant cells
-may be either benign or malignant
-affects the epiphyses on long bones especially the femur, tibia, and radius
-soap bubble appearance
Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoclastoma (Giant cell)
Osteoclastoma (Giant cell)
-A slow-growing intramedullary benign tumor.
-Radiographically: small radiolucent lesions containing small, stippled calcifications with sharply defined margins.
Achondroplasia
Enchondroma
Osteoporosis
Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
-Variant of RA most commonly in young males.
-Associated with bacterial infections of GI.
-Referred to as “lover’s heel”: generally affects SI joints, heels, and toes.
-Also known as Reiter syndrome.
Multiple Myeloma
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Transverse fracture
Reactive arthritis
-Type of dysplasia involving an increase in bone density.
-Also called marble bone disease.
Osteopenia
Osteopetrosis
Osteoarthritis
Osteomyelitis
Osteopetrosis
Aggressive neoplasms characterized by a “soap bubble” appearance
Bennett fracture
Psoriatic Arthritis
Computed Tomography (CT)
Giant Cell Tumor (GCT)
Giant Cell Tumor (GCT)
Malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin and is composed of atypical cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Chondrosarcoma
-Common skeletal dysplasia.
-Results in bone deformity, decreased bone formation, and disproportionate dwarfism.
Scoliosis
Achondroplasia
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteochondroma
Achondroplasia
-Destroys the spine, causing softening and eventual collapse of the vertebrae.
-Tuberculosis of the spine.
Spina bifida
Bone Densitometry/DXA
Pott Disease
Nuclear Medicine (NM)
Pott Disease
Spina bifida- Failure of the lamina to unite posteriorly resulting in incomplete closure of vertebral foramen
-Common benign tumors of the skeletal system.
-Less than 2 cm in dimension.
Osteochondroma
Osteosarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Achondroplasia
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteosarcoma- primary malignant neoplasm
-Common primary malignancy in children and young adults linked to genetic etiology.
-Arises from osteoblasts.
-Also known as Osteogenic Sarcoma.
Ewing sarcoma
Osteomalacia
Osteosarcoma
Osteopetrosis
Osteosarcoma
Radiographically visible decrease in bone density.
T-score ranging from −1 to −2.5.
Anencephaly
Osteopenia
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteomyelitis
Osteopenia
-Condition caused by a lack of calcium in tissues and the failure of bone tissue to calcify (Soft bone).
-Also known as Rickets if it occurs before growth plate closure. Caused by a lack of Vitamin D and calcium in a child’s diet.
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Osteomalacia
Acromegaly
Osteomalacia
-Most common benign bone tumor.
-Mostly in male than female.
-arises in the metaphysis.
-Also known as Exostosis.
Enchondroma
Osteosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoarthritis
Osteochondroma
-Metabolic bone disorder results in a decrease of calcium in the bone matrix.
-The structural integrity of the trabecular pattern of bone is destroyed.
Osteomalacia
Paget’s disease
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Malignant tumor arises from the medullary cavity and is extremely rare.
Osteoblastoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Avulsion fracture
Ewing sarcoma
Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin.
Greenstick fracture
Osteomyelitis
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
A congenital abnormality in which the brain is underdeveloped and the cranial vault is incomplete.
Craniosynostosis
Anencephaly
Osteopenia
Polydactyly
Anencephaly
Craniosynostosis- congenital premature closure of one or more cranial sutures before the brain is fully formed
-Chronic inflammatory disease.
-“worm-eaten” appearance.
-disease slowly destroys the epiphyses.
Bone and Joint Tuberculosis/osteoarticular tuberculosis [TB]
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pott Disease
Bone and Joint Tuberculosis/osteoarticular tuberculosis [TB]
-Serious but rare heritable or congenital disease affecting the connective tissue.
-Also known as Brittle bone disease.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Osteoporosis
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Benign growth or lesion in the spine
Osteoblastoma
Osteomyelitis
Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteoid Osteoma- less than 2cm in size, osteoblastomas are larger and more frequently involve the spine.
Firm, immovable joints also called Synarthrodial joints
Psoriatic Arthritis
Fibrous joint
Osteopetrosis
Bennett fracture
Fibrous joint
