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Pathology > Skeletal System 1 > Flashcards

Skeletal System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A 75-year-old patient with weight-bearing AP and lateral knee radiographs of the left knee demonstrates a decreased medial joint compartment and osteophyte formation on the medial femoral condyle. What would be the initial diagnosis?

Osteoarthritis
Osteomyelitis
Ewing sarcoma
Reiter syndrome

A

Osteoarthritis

Osteomyelitis- infection of the bone marrow and surrounding bone

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2
Q

Congenital clubfoot is also known as

talipes
syndactyly
DDH
fibrous dysplasia

A

talipes

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3
Q

One of the most common areas for metastasis for osteosarcomas is to the

breast
lung
brain
colon

A

lung

metastasis- tumor moves to other parts of the body
osteosarcomas- bone cancer from osteoblasts

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4
Q

Osteopetrosis requires what type of technical factor change?

No change
Increase
Decrease

A

Increase

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5
Q

The most commonly inherited disorder affecting the skeletal system is

achondroplasia
osteogenesis imperfecta
syndactyly
enchondroma

A

achondroplasia

achondroplasia- decreased bone formation, dwarfism
osteogenesis imperfecta- bone deformities, brittle bones, bowing of legs
syndactyly- causes failure of fingers or toes to separate
enchondroma- tumor inside metaphysis (growth plate)

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6
Q

What type of aggressive bone-forming neoplasm that is most often located in the bone marrow gives the radiographic appearance of a sunray or sunburst?

Osteomyelitis
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Multiple myeloma

A

Osteosarcoma

Osteomyelitis- infection of the bone marrow
Chondrosarcoma- cancer that begins in your cartilage
Multiple myeloma- hematopoietic disease leaves “punched out” round lesions in x-ray

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7
Q

Which disease is congenital?

Pott disease
Osteoporosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Paget disease

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Pott disease- tuberculosis of the spine
Osteoporosis- increase in bone density, creates brittle bones
Osteogenesis imperfecta- bone deformities, brittle bones, bowed legs

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8
Q

Marie–Strümpell disease or “bamboo spine” is a symptom of the pathology known as

scoliosis
ankylosing spondylitis
spina bifida
spondylolisthesis

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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9
Q

What skeletal pathology could be a contributing factor for a cervical rib?

Spina bifida
Transitional vertebrae
Scoliosis
Spondylolisthesis

A

Transitional vertebrae

Spina bifida- incomplete closure of vertebral foramen

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10
Q

A 15-year-old male patient presents for a right knee series after sustaining a varus injury while playing football. AP, lateral, and both oblique radiographs of the knee demonstrate an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau (Segond fracture). What additional imaging modality would be best utilized in the diagnosis for this patient?

CT
Knee arthrography
Nuclear medicine
MRI

A

MRI

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11
Q

The primary site of ossification is the

epiphyseal plate
diaphysis
metaphysis
epiphysis

A

diaphysis

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12
Q

Diploë is specific to cancellous bone located in what anatomic structure?

Skull
Femur
Sternum
Humerus

A

Skull

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13
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

-usually not apparent until adolescence and affects females more than men

-can cause cardiopulmonary complications, degenerative spinal arthritis, fatigue, and joint dysfunction syndromes

-may be corrected with a brace or body cast with spinal curves of 25 to 35 degrees or surgery may be required for spinal curves greater than 40 degrees

Spina bifida
Scoliosis
Transitional vertebra
Osteomyelitis

A

Scoliosis

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14
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-an autoimmune disease that fluctuates in severity

-chronic inflammation and overgrowth of the synovial tissues, most often in the extremities

-cartilage, bone, and supporting structures are eventually destroyed

-radiographically visible are soft tissue swelling, osteoporosis, joint space narrowing, cartilage destruction, and subluxation or dislocation of the involved joint

Osteoarthritis
Gouty arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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15
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-brittle bone disease

-imperfect formation of osseous tissue, skin, sclera, inner ear, and teeth

-can be present at birth (congenita) or may appear some years after birth (tarda)

-radiographically demonstrates multiple fractures in various stages of healing and a general decrease in bone mass

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Pott disease
Sequestrum

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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16
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-failure of the fingers or toes to separate

-physical appearance of webbed digits

Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Syndactyly
Polydactyly

A

Syndactyly

Polydactyly- Presence of an extra digit or digits

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17
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-premature or early closure of any of the cranial sutures

-altered head shape due to overgrowth of the unfused sutures to accommodate brain growth

-can be corrected with surgery but brain damage may occur

Spina bifida
Ankylosing spondylitis
Anencephaly
Craniosynostosis

A

Craniosynostosis

18
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-inherited metabolic disorder in which excess amounts of uric acid are produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone

-most commonly affects the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe

-characterized by acute attacks with intervals of remission

-uric acid crystallizes (tophi) in the joint creating an inflammatory response

-radiographically bone erosion can be seen with overhanging edges or “rat bitten” appearance

Bursitis
Tenosynoviti
Gouty arthritis
Tendonitis

A

Gouty arthritis

19
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-referred to as marble bone

-increase in bone density with defective bone contour

-bones are abnormally heavy and compact yet brittle

-all bones are affected, but most changes occur in long bones of extremities, vertebrae, pelvis, and base of skull

Osteoclastoma
Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Osteopetrosis

Osteoclastoma- tumor composed of numerous multinucleated giant cells
Osteogenesis imperfecta- aka brittle bone disease

20
Q

Identify the pathologic condition.

-tumor composed of numerous multinucleated giant cells

-may be either benign or malignant

-affects the epiphyses on long bones especially the femur, tibia, and radius

-soap bubble appearance

Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoclastoma (Giant cell)

A

Osteoclastoma (Giant cell)

21
Q

-A slow-growing intramedullary benign tumor.
-Radiographically: small radiolucent lesions containing small, stippled calcifications with sharply defined margins.

Achondroplasia
Enchondroma
Osteoporosis
Osteochondroma

A

Enchondroma

22
Q

-Variant of RA most commonly in young males.

-Associated with bacterial infections of GI.

-Referred to as “lover’s heel”: generally affects SI joints, heels, and toes.

-Also known as Reiter syndrome.

Multiple Myeloma
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Transverse fracture

A

Reactive arthritis

23
Q

-Type of dysplasia involving an increase in bone density.

-Also called marble bone disease.

Osteopenia
Osteopetrosis
Osteoarthritis
Osteomyelitis

A

Osteopetrosis

24
Q

Aggressive neoplasms characterized by a “soap bubble” appearance

Bennett fracture
Psoriatic Arthritis
Computed Tomography (CT)
Giant Cell Tumor (GCT)

A

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT)

25
Q

Malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin and is composed of atypical cartilage

Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma

A

Chondrosarcoma

26
Q

-Common skeletal dysplasia.
-Results in bone deformity, decreased bone formation, and disproportionate dwarfism.

Scoliosis
Achondroplasia
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteochondroma

A

Achondroplasia

27
Q

-Destroys the spine, causing softening and eventual collapse of the vertebrae.
-Tuberculosis of the spine.

Spina bifida
Bone Densitometry/DXA
Pott Disease
Nuclear Medicine (NM)

A

Pott Disease

Spina bifida- Failure of the lamina to unite posteriorly resulting in incomplete closure of vertebral foramen

28
Q

-Common benign tumors of the skeletal system.
-Less than 2 cm in dimension.

Osteochondroma
Osteosarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Achondroplasia

A

Osteoid Osteoma

Osteosarcoma- primary malignant neoplasm

29
Q

-Common primary malignancy in children and young adults linked to genetic etiology.

-Arises from osteoblasts.

-Also known as Osteogenic Sarcoma.

Ewing sarcoma
Osteomalacia
Osteosarcoma
Osteopetrosis

A

Osteosarcoma

30
Q

Radiographically visible decrease in bone density.
T-score ranging from −1 to −2.5.

Anencephaly
Osteopenia
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteomyelitis

A

Osteopenia

31
Q

-Condition caused by a lack of calcium in tissues and the failure of bone tissue to calcify (Soft bone).

-Also known as Rickets if it occurs before growth plate closure. Caused by a lack of Vitamin D and calcium in a child’s diet.

Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Osteomalacia
Acromegaly

A

Osteomalacia

32
Q

-Most common benign bone tumor.

-Mostly in male than female.

-arises in the metaphysis.

-Also known as Exostosis.

Enchondroma
Osteosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoarthritis

A

Osteochondroma

33
Q

-Metabolic bone disorder results in a decrease of calcium in the bone matrix.
-The structural integrity of the trabecular pattern of bone is destroyed.

Osteomalacia
Paget’s disease
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis

A

Osteoporosis

34
Q

Malignant tumor arises from the medullary cavity and is extremely rare.

Osteoblastoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Avulsion fracture

A

Ewing sarcoma

35
Q

Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin.

Greenstick fracture
Osteomyelitis
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

36
Q

A congenital abnormality in which the brain is underdeveloped and the cranial vault is incomplete.

Craniosynostosis
Anencephaly
Osteopenia
Polydactyly

A

Anencephaly

Craniosynostosis- congenital premature closure of one or more cranial sutures before the brain is fully formed

37
Q

-Chronic inflammatory disease.
-“worm-eaten” appearance.
-disease slowly destroys the epiphyses.

Bone and Joint Tuberculosis/osteoarticular tuberculosis [TB]
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pott Disease

A

Bone and Joint Tuberculosis/osteoarticular tuberculosis [TB]

38
Q

-Serious but rare heritable or congenital disease affecting the connective tissue.

-Also known as Brittle bone disease.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Osteoporosis
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

39
Q

Benign growth or lesion in the spine

Osteoblastoma
Osteomyelitis
Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma

A

Osteoblastoma

Osteoid Osteoma- less than 2cm in size, osteoblastomas are larger and more frequently involve the spine.

40
Q

Firm, immovable joints also called Synarthrodial joints

Psoriatic Arthritis
Fibrous joint
Osteopetrosis
Bennett fracture

A

Fibrous joint

Pathology (14 decks)

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