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Pathology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms which may be associated with PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) include:
1. pelvic tenderness.
2. elevated white blood count.
3. nausea.

1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

A

1, 2, and 3

pelvic tenderness.
elevated white blood count.
nausea.

PID- bacterial infection of the upper female reproductive system

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2
Q

The most common malignancy of the uterus is:

Leiomyoma
Endometrial carcinoma
Fibroadenoma
Endometriosis

A

Endometrial carcinoma

Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)- Develop from an overgrowth of the uterine muscle tissue

Fibroadenoma- a benign palpable lump that could develop in the breast.

Endometriosis- multiple cystic masses that are present outside the uterus

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3
Q

Which of the following terms describes complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina?

uterus didelphys
unicornuate uterus
bicornuate uterus
retroverted uterus

A

uterus didelphys

unicornuate uterus- the uterine cavity is elongated and has a single fallopian tube emerging from it

bicornuate uterus- paired uterine horns extend into the fallopian tubes

retroverted uterus- the uterus is more vertical than normal and points backward toward the bowel

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4
Q

The term “nongravid” designates a:

nonpregnant female
female with a history of at least one miscarriage.
pregnant female
female with a history of live births.

A

nonpregnant female

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5
Q

What is the medical term used to describe the undescended testicle?

Cryptorchidism
Mastitis
Epididymo-orchitis
Gynecomastica

A

Cryptorchidism

Mastitis- Inflammation of the breast

Gynecomastica- benign proliferation of breast tissue in the male

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6
Q

What medical term denotes the development of an embryo outside the uterine cavity?

Ectopic pregnancy
Placenta previa
Bicornuate uterus
Hydatidiform mole

A

Ectopic pregnancy

Placenta previa- the implantation of the placenta leaves part or all of the cervical os covered.

Bicornuate uterus- paired uterine horns extend into the fallopian tubes

Hydatidiform mole- an abnormal conception in which usually no fetus is present.

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7
Q

What pathology can directly affect older male patients from being able to completely empty their urinary bladder?

Spermatoceles
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Testicular torsion
Hydroceles

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)- common benign enlargement of the prostate gland

Spermatoceles- fluid-filled, painless scrotal masses within the testis adjacent to the epididymis

Testicular torsion- occurs if a testicle twists on itself, inducing severe pain and swelling.

Hydroceles- a common benign testicular mass that can be congenital and is a collection of fluid in the testis or along the spermatic cord

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8
Q

Which of the following are classified as malignant testicular masses?

  1. Seminoma
  2. Hydatiform mole
  3. Leiomyoma (Uterine fibroid)

2 and 3
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2
1 only

A

1 only

Seminoma

Seminoma- malignant testicular tumor

Hydatiform mole- an abnormal conception in which usually no fetus is present

Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)- Develop from an overgrowth of the uterine muscle tissue

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9
Q

A common benign testicular mass that can be congenital and is a collection of fluid in the testis or along the spermatic cord is called:

testicular seminomas
hydrocele
testicular teratoma
mastalgia

A

hydrocele

testicular seminoma- malignant testicular tumor

testicular teratoma- malignant testicular tumor

mastalgia- pain in one or both breasts

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10
Q

Based on the descriptors below, identify the condition

-It is the most common ovarian tumor in females of reproductive age
-Also known as a dermoid cyst
-May contain hair, thyroid tissue, keratin, secretions, and teeth
-Treatment involves surgical removal of the mass

Ovarian cancer
Leiomyomas
Cystic teratoma
Polycystic ovaries

A

Cystic teratoma

Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)- Develop from an overgrowth of the uterine muscle tissue

Polycystic ovaries- enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts.

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11
Q

-Cervical carcinoma (dysplasia) is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system
-Cervical carcinoma is essentially a sexually transmitted disease.
-The development of cervical cancer is strongly associated with ________________________________.

human papillomavirus (HPV)
peau d’orange
fibroadenoma
hydrocele

A

human papillomavirus (HPV)

Fibroadenoma- a benign palpable lump that could develop in the breast.

hydrocele- a common benign testicular mass that can be congenital and is a collection of fluid in the testis or along the spermatic cord

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12
Q

Based on the descriptors below, identify the pathologic condition:

-Most common benign tumor of the female reproductive system
-Develop from an overgrowth of the uterine muscle tissue
-Generally asymptomatic, but may cause uterine enlargement, low back pain, and heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
-May be treated with hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization

fibroadenoma
peau d’orange
leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)
adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

A

leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)

Fibroadenoma- a benign palpable lump that could develop in the breast.

adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (Endometrial carcinoma)- the most common malignancy of the uterus

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13
Q

A condition wherein the testicle twists on itself causing severe pain and swelling and may require surgical removal if untreated for too long is called:

carcinoma of the prostate
volvulus
BPH
Testicular torsion

A

Testicular torsion

Carcinoma of the Prostate- This condition is a leading cause of cancer death among US males with common signs and symptoms including urinary tract obstructions, a hard and enlarged prostate, and low back pain.

BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)- common benign enlargement of the prostate gland

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14
Q

-This pathology occurs when the uterine cavity is elongated and has a single fallopian tube emerging from it

unicornuate uterus
bicornuate uterus
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
uterus didelphys

A

unicornuate uterus

bicornuate uterus- paired uterine horns extend into the fallopian tubes

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)- bacterial infection of the upper female reproductive system

uterus didelphys- complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina

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15
Q

This condition is a leading cause of cancer death among US males with common signs and symptoms including urinary tract obstructions, a hard and enlarged prostate, and low back pain.

benign prostatic hyperplasia
carcinoma of the prostate
testicular torsion
cryptorchidism

A

carcinoma of the prostate

BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)- common benign enlargement of the prostate gland

testicular torsion- occurs if a testicle twists on itself, inducing severe pain and swelling.

cryptorchidism- undescended testes

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16
Q

Acute scrotal pain that may be caused by a lack of blood flow to the testicle requires an emergent imaging examination. Which modality is most highly recommended?

MRI
Sonography
CT
Pelvic radiograph

A

Sonography

17
Q

A fibroadenoma is a benign palpable lump that could develop in the breast.

True or False

A

True

18
Q

A procedure where contrast is injected to determine infertility is called:

Salpingo-oophorectomy
Mammography
Sonohysterography
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

A

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

19
Q

Sonography is extremely useful as a follow-up to mammography in differentiating solid masses from cystic masses in women with fibrocystic breasts.

True or False

A

True

20
Q

Sonohysterography is conducted by instilling _____ into the uterus.

an aqueous iodinated contrast agent
barium sulfate
saline
an oily iodinated contrast agent

A

saline

21
Q

Mammography is more accurate in male patients.

True or False

A

True

22
Q

Multiple cystic masses that are present outside the uterus is:

endometriosis
leiomyomas
cervical dysplasia
uterine fibroids

A

endometriosis

leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)- Develop from an overgrowth of the uterine muscle tissue

Cervical dysplasia (Cervical Carcinoma)- common malignancy of the female reproductive system and is essentially a sexually transmitted disease.

23
Q

Inflammation of the breast is called:

Phlebitis
Arthritis
Mastitis
Vasculitis

A

Mastitis

24
Q

HSG study, spillage of the contrast medium from the fallopian tubes signifies:

tubes are closed off
tubes are obstructed
patency of the tubes
tubes are complicated

A

patency of the tubes

25
Q

Diagnostic Mammography is the next step in an individual’s diagnostic workup after a:

Negative screening mammogram
Positive screening mammogram
Before a screening mammogram
Never done

A

Positive screening mammogram

26
Q

Imaging studies performed on a nongravid woman include:

Hysterosalpingography
Transvaginal pelvic sonography
Transabdominal pelvic sonography
All of the above

A

All of the above

27
Q

Regular, yearly mammographic screening should occur in females ___ years of age or older.

20
30
40
50

A

50

28
Q

Which of the following cystic ovarian masses may form as a part of the normal menstrual cycle?
1. Corpus luteum cysts
2. Cystadenomas
3. Follicular cysts

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 3

Corpus luteum cysts
Follicular cysts

29
Q

A malignant neoplasm of the ovary is a:

Cystadenocarcinoma
Cystadenoma
Leiomyoma
Fibroadenoma

A

Cystadenocarcinoma

30
Q

Which type of neoplastic disease is often diagnosed via a Pap test and confirmed by surgical biopsy?

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
Cervical carcinoma
Fibroadenoma of the breast
Leiomyoma of the uterus

A

Cervical carcinoma

31
Q

In which anatomic region of the breast do the majority of breast masses occur?

Lower inner quadrant
Lower outer quadrant
Upper inner quadrant
Upper outer quadrant

A

Upper outer quadrant

32
Q

Prostatic hyperplasia most frequently occurs in males:

Under age 30 years
Between ages 30 and 50 years
Over age 50 years
None of the above; prostatic hyperplasia is a female condition

A

Over age 50 years

33
Q

Benign masses of the testes include:
1. Hydroceles
2. Seminomas
3. Spermatoceles

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 3

Hydroceles
Spermatoceles

Hydroceles- common benign testicular mass that can be congenital and is a collection of fluid in the testis or along the spermatic cord

Seminomas- malignant testicular tumor

Spermatoceles- fluid-filled, painless scrotal masses within the testis adjacent to the epididymis

34
Q

In the single-radiologist mammography reading scenario, false negative rates range between:

10% and 30%
12% and 20%
20% and 30%
3% and 8%

A

10% and 30%

Pathology (14 decks)

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