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Pathology > GI Part 2 > Flashcards

GI Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The protrusion of a part of an organ, like a loop of bowel, through a small opening in the wall of a cavity.

Schatzki ring
hiatal hernia
myelocele
abdominal hernia

A

abdominal hernia

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2
Q

Bowel protruding through a location of a surgical incision is called an:

inguinal hernia
incisional hernia
parastomal hernia
umbilical hernia

A

incisional hernia

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3
Q

The modality of choice for identifying abdominal hernias as well as signs of a resultant bowel obstruction.

Fluoroscopy
MRI
Sonography
CT

A

CT

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4
Q

Occurs when a portion of the stomach and esophagogastric junction are both situated above the diaphragm, often assoicated with Schatzki ring.

intrathoracic stomach
sliding hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hernia
GERD hernia

A

sliding hiatal hernia

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5
Q

Which imaging modality best demonstrates hiatal hernias?

MRI
CT
Sonography
Fluoroscopy

A

Fluoroscopy

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6
Q

An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base.

intussusception
volvulus
stricture
paralytic ileus

A

volvulus

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7
Q

The majority of large bowel obstructions are caused by:

ischemia
hernia
colon/rectal cancer
volvulus

A

colon/rectal cancer

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8
Q

Type of bowel obstruction in which the lumen of the bowel becomes occluded or blocked:

adynamic
mechanical
peritoneal
postoperative

A

mechanical

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9
Q

What are the advantages of CT over UGI or SBFT for diagnosing mechanical bowel obstructions?

  1. better tolerated by patients
  2. surgical intervention is required
  3. there is no overlap of structures
  4. less contrast media is used or not needed at all

3 only
1 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4

A

1, 3 and 4 only

better tolerated by patients
there is no overlap of structures
less contrast media is used or not needed at all

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10
Q

A functional bowel obstruction caused by a failure of normal peristalsis.

mechanical obstruction
hiatal hernia
paralytic ileus or adynamic ileus
volvulus

A

paralytic ileus or adynamic ileus

mechanical obstruction- the lumen of the bowel becomes occluded or blocked

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11
Q

A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the cardiac sphinctor to relax, leading to dysphagia. On esophagrams the distal esophagus may have a “beaked,” “bird beak,” or “rat tail” appearance.

achalasia
esophageal diverticula
hiatal herna
gastritis

A

achalasia

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12
Q

An image demonstrates “coiled spring” sign of an intussusception. What is this condition?

An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base.

The prolapse of a segment of bowel into a distal segment.

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development.

Concentric narrowing of the lumen at the esophagogastric junction.

A

The prolapse of a segment of bowel into a distal segment.

Intussusception: The prolapse of a segment of bowel into a distal segment

Malrotation: Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development

Hernia: The protrusion of a part of an organ (e.g., bowel loop) through a small opening in the wall of a cavity

Volvulus: An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base

Schatzki ring : Concentric narrowing of the lumen at the esophagogastric junction.

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13
Q

A(n) _________ diverticulum is a pulsion type found in the distal esophagus just cephalad to the esophagogastric junction.

Zenker
Traction
Killian-Jamieson
Epiphrenic

A

Epiphrenic

Zenker- A pulsion type found at the pharyngoesophageal junction on the posterior wall just above the cricopharyngeal muscle.

Killian-Jamieson- A pulsion diverticulum that originates just below the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle on the lateral wall of the esophagus

Epiphrenic- A pulsion type, but it is found in the distal esophagus just cephalad to the esophagogastric junction

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14
Q

Gastric diverticula typically occur in the:

pylorus or pyloric sphincter.
cardiac sphincter.
greater curvature.
fundus or antrum.

A

fundus or antrum.

Gastric Diverticula- pouch that protrudes from the stomach wall

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15
Q

The presence of outpouchings of the muscular layer of the bowel without inflammation:

diverticulitis
diverticulosis
hernia
polyps

A

diverticulosis

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16
Q

Barium enema examinations has largely been replaced by _____ as the initial imaging examination for suspected colonic diverticulitis due to it’s ability to visualize both intraluminal and extraluminal pathology.

MRI
Nuclear Medicine
CT
Sonography

A

CT

17
Q

A benign tumor that grows from smooth muscle tissue.

adenocarcinoma
leiomyoma
barrett esophagus
squamous carcinoma

A

leiomyoma

adenocarcinoma- result from malignant degeneration of columnar metaplasia and most occur in the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction.

barrett esophagus- The normal esophageal epithelium changes to metaplastic columnar epithelium like that of intestinal tissue.

squamous carcinoma- cancer that develops in the flat cells lining the inside of the esophagus (epithelium). It’s also known as epidermoid carcinoma.

18
Q

A type of cancer that develops in the flat cells lining the inside of the esophagus (epithelium). It’s also known as epidermoid carcinoma.

squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
leiomyoma
papilloma

A

squamous cell carcinoma

19
Q

Treatment designed to relieve pain without the goal of cure.

restorative
palliative
curative
hospice

A

palliative

20
Q

The primary symptom of esophageal cancer is dysphagia. What is dysphagia?

over development
under development
difficulty speaking
difficulty swallowing

A

difficulty swallowing

Dysarthria- difficulty speaking; aphasia- full loss of language; dysphasia- partial loss of language.

hyperplasia- overdevelopment

Hypoplasia- underdevelopment

21
Q

A small mass of tissue arising from the mucous membrane to project inward into the lumen of the bowel.

diverticulum
polyp
hemangioma
lipoma

A

polyp

22
Q

A sessile polyp in the bowel is:

attached to the bowel wall by a narrow stalk.

attached directly to the bowel wall with a wide base.

an outpouching of the bowel lumen.

an abnormal passage or opening between two organs.

A

attached directly to the bowel wall with a wide base.

Pedunculated polys- attached by a narrow stalk to the bowel wall.

23
Q

When indicated, a double contrast barium enema examination is preferred over a single contrast study for colorectal cancer screening because:

the mucosal lining of the bowel is better visualized.

the barium appears more dense.

single contrast fills the bowel better.

single contrast transits more readily.

A

the mucosal lining of the bowel is better visualized.

23
Q

MRI is currently considered to be the most sensitive and specific test for detecting colorectal polyps and cancers because of its ability to obtain abnormal tissue for biopsy and histologic identification of dysplasia (abnormal mass).

True or False

A

False

Colonoscopy is currently considered to be the most sensitive and specific test for detecting colorectal polyps and cancers because of its ability to obtain abnormal tissue for biopsy and histologic identification of dysplasia.

24
Q

A surgical operation that connects a portion of the colon to a surgically created opening in the abdomen.

colectomy
gastrectomy
colostomy
esophagojejunostomy

A

colostomy

Pathology (14 decks)

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