Respiratory System Flashcards
Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system include:
subcutaneous emphysema.
respiratory distress syndrome.
bronchial adenoma.
mycoplasma pneumonia.
mycoplasma pneumonia.
Emphysema- decreased elastic recoil of the alveoli
RDS- lungs lack surfactant, substance keeps lungs open
Adenoma- non-cancerous tumor
Low oxygen levels within the arterial blood and resulting from a failure of the gas exchange function best describe
CPAP.
hypercapnia.
PPV.
hypoxemia.
hypoxemia.
hypercapnia- high carbon dioxide levels
The American College of Radiology suggests that routine mobile chest radiographs are only indicated for patients
1. with acute cardiopulmonary conditions.
2. in the intensive care unit.
3. who are on life support devices.
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
Upon reading the patient history, the technologist notices a current “sinusitis” diagnosis. What exposure technique should the technologist employ when imaging the patient’s skull?
They should increase the exposure technique.
This condition does not impact the exposure technique that should be used.
They should decrease the exposure technique.
They should increase the exposure technique.
The most common lethal nosocomial infection in the United States is
pleurisy.
pneumonia.
COPD.
bronchiectasis.
pneumonia.
Which of the pathologies listed below is the most common fatal primary malignancy in the United States, accounting for over 90% of all lung tumors?
Hematogenous metastatic lung disease
Bronchial carcinoid tumors
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Lymphogenous metastasis lung disease
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Bronchogenic carcinoma- carcinoma of the lung that arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree
Bronchial carcinoid tumors- rare, slow-growing, benign tumors that affect the lining of the airways in the lung.
-Excess fluid which collects in the pleural cavity
-It is a frequent manifestation of a serious thoracic disease, usually pulmonary or cardiac in origin
-May be caused by inflammation, pulmonary embolism, or a neoplasm
-Conventional radiographs demonstrate a blunting of the costophrenic angles with a lateral decubitus chest radiograph demonstrating small amounts of fluid in the pleural space
pleural effusion
lung abscess
pleurisy
ascites
pleural effusion
-Most common bacterial pneumonia because this type of bacteria is often present in healthy throats
-This infection is usually preceded by an upper respiratory infection
-As the body defenses become weakened, the bacteria multiply and move into the lungs which inflame the alveoli
-This disease is usually accompanied by chills, cough, and fever
-Chest radiographs demonstrate a collection of fluid in one or more lung lobes
-Antibiotics and bed rest usually treat this pathology within one week
staphylococcal pneumonia
legionnaire’s disease
aspiration pneumonia
pneumococcal (lobar) pneumonia
pneumococcal (lobar) pneumonia
Obstructive lung condition in which the lung’s alveoli become distended due to loss of elasticity and the alveolar walls are destroyed. It is characterized by an increase in the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles.
emphysema
miliary tuberculosis
pneumonia
pneumothorax
emphysema
-Pathology that occurs when TB bacteria is carried via the bloodstream throughout the body
-Radiographically, small distinct nodules appear throughout the lung fields that resemble seeds
histoplasmosis
asthma
pneumoconioses
miliary tuberculosis
miliary tuberculosis
-Pathology that results from inhalation of coal dust over an extended period of time of about 20 years
-Coal macules develop around the bronchioles and cause their dilation
-No real treatment exits
silicosis
coccidioidomycosis
anthracosis (black lung disease)
abestosis
anthracosis (black lung disease)
-The plastic medical device is inserted through the chest wall between the ribs
-It allows for drainage of air (pneumothorax) or fluid (pleural effusion or hemothorax) from the thoracic cavity
-The collection device must be kept below the level of the chest for proper drainage
central venous catheter
chest tube
Port-a-Cath
intraaortic balloon pump (IABP)
chest tube
-This congenital pathology affects the function of the exocrine glands resulting in dehydration of the mucous layers which leads to an accumulation of viscous secretions obstructing the airway.
-Involves many organs in addition to the respiratory system.
-The bronchial system can become obstructed due to mucous plugs which can lead to staphylococcal infections, tissue damage, and atelectasis.
-Radiographs taken over a period of years demonstrate gradually worsening structural abnormalities.
-Respiratory failure due to deterioration of the lungs is inevitable and eventually leads to death in the 30’s
cystic fibrosis
pneumonia
bronchiectasis
sinusitis
cystic fibrosis
-This type of cancer is much more common than primary lung neoplasms
-The most common primary sites for these tumors are the breast, GI tract, female reproductive system, prostate, skin, and the kidneys
-Spread can occur via:
1. hematogenous metastases (bloodstream)
2. lymphogenous metastases
3. local invasion
4. bronchogenic metastases
5. direct implantation from biopsies or other surgical procedures
-Radiographically, lesions appear as single or multiple rounded opacities throughout the lungs
pulmonary metastases
bronchogenic carcinoma
bronchial adenoma
adenocarcinoma
pulmonary metastases
-blood clot forms or becomes lodged in a pulmonary artery
-results in decreased blood supply to lungs
-commonly arises from DVT and prolonged
-periods of inactivity or bed rest increase risk
-diagnosed by CTA or nuclear medicine VQ scan
pulmonary emboli
tuberculosis
pneumonia
aneurysm
pulmonary emboli
