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Pathology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Match the prefix with it’s meaning for the following terms:

dys-
dia-
mega-
tachy-

fast
bad, ill or faulty
large
through, throughout or complete

A

dys- (bad, ill or faulty)
dia- (through, throughout or complete)
mega- (large)
tachy- (fast)

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2
Q

Match the word root with it’s meaning for the following terms:

ventricul(o)
phleb(o)
my(o)
isch(o)

hold back, restrain
vein
muscle
fluid filled cavity

A

ventricul(o) (fluid filled cavity)
phleb(o) (vein)
my(o) (muscle)
isch(o) (hold back, restrain)

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3
Q

Match the suffix with its meaning for the following terms:

-ology

a condition, theory, principle, or method
pertaining to…
the study of…
process of…

A

the study of…

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4
Q

Match the suffix with its meaning for the following term:

-tion

a condition, theory, principle, or method
pertaining to…
the study of…
process of…

A

process of…

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5
Q

Match the suffix with its meaning for the following term:

-ism

a condition, theory, principle, or method
pertaining to…
the study of…
process of…

A

a condition, theory, principle, or method

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6
Q

Match the suffix with its meaning for the following term:

-ic

a condition, theory, principle, or method
pertaining to…
the study of…
process of…

A

pertaining to…

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7
Q

Match the following terms with the definition:

infarction
ischemia
stenosis
aneurysm

inadequate blood supply to a local area due to blockage of the blood vessels supplying the area

a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a vessel or opening

the death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply

a ballooning or outpouching of a vessel wall

A

infarction- the death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply

ischemia- inadequate blood supply to a local area due to blockage of the blood vessels supplying the area

stenosis- a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a vessel or opening

aneurysm- a ballooning or outpouching of a vessel wall

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8
Q

The contraction of the myocardium is termed:

QRS Complex
systole
diastole
electrocardiography

A

systole

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9
Q

What is the term “lumen” mean when referring to the cardiovascular system?

middle layer of a blood vessel

the adventitia

the outer most layer of a blood vessel

internal, tubular structure of a blood vessel that allows for passage of blood

A

internal, tubular structure of a blood vessel that allows for passage of blood

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10
Q

Factors that are controlled by the radiographer that can affect the diagnostic quality of a chest radiograph include:

  1. degree of inspiration
  2. pathologic conditions
  3. geometric factors (SID, OID)
  4. exposure technique
  5. patient body habitus

1, 2 and 3 only
2, 3, 4 and 5 only
1 and 5 only
1, 3, and 4 only

A

1, 3, and 4 only

degree of inspiration
geometric factors (SID, OID)
exposure technique

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11
Q

In an adult patient, if the transverse diameter of the cardiac shadow is greater than half the transverse dimension of the thorax on an erect PA chest radiograph, this indicates:

pectus excavatum
cardiomegaly
aortic aneurysm
electrocardiography

A

cardiomegaly

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12
Q

A sonographic noninvasive procedure, most commonly used imaging studies for evaluating cardiac structure and function:

chest radiography
myocardial perfusion scan
echocardiography
contrast-enhanced MRI

A

echocardiography

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13
Q

An invasive procedure performed by injecting the contrast material into the left ventricle of the heart and/or coronary arteries and obtaining cine images of the heart and the great vessels in motion:

angiocardiography
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
thrombolysis
embolization

A

angiocardiography

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14
Q

A radiograph demonstrates the signs (3 signs and rib notching) of Coarctation of the Aorta.

What causes this condition?

traumatic blunt force to the chest
hereditary hypertension
congenital narrowing of the aorta
interstitial lung disease

A

congenital narrowing of the aorta

Coarctation causes blood flow to be deviated from the upper part of the descending aorta into the intercostal vessels of the 4-8th ribs bilaterally which results in ‘notching’ of their inferior edge

The narrowing (coarctation) results in the descending aorta taking on a contour said to resemble a figure ‘3’

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15
Q

A congenital condition that occurs commonly in premature infants where the vessel that shunts blood from the pulmonary artery into the systemic circulation in utero does not close after birth.

pulmonary hypertenson
patent ductus arteriosus
coarctation of the aorta
dysrhythmia

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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16
Q

If the foramen ovale does not close at birth, what congenital heart defect occurs? This condition is twice as frequent in girls than in boys?

aortic enlargement
endocarditis
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect

A

atrial septal defect

The foreamen ovale is located in between the atriums and it is only present during fetal stage.

17
Q

Which congenital defect occurs when the aorta and the pulmonary truck are switched, requiring surgical correction with the first 10 days after birth?

transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
atrial septal defect
heart murmur

A

transposition of the great vessels

18
Q

Which congenital abnormality is characterized by four different defects and has the radiographic appearance of a “boot” shaped heart?

overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect
transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallout- Narrowing of the pulmonary valve prevents passage of a sufficient volume of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four defects:
(1) pulmonary stenosis
(2) ventricular septal defect
(3) overriding aorta
(4) hypertrophy of the right ventricle.

Ventricular Sepal Defect- a defect in the ventricular septum, allows the blood to be shunted (passange) between the two chambers, mixing pulmonary and systemic blood.

19
Q

When a patient is diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmia, there is a problem with:

the systemic circulation
the coronary circulation
conduction of electric impulses through the heart
abnormal fistula between the heart chambers

A

conduction of electric impulses through the heart

20
Q

Elevated blood pressure caused by an underlying disease process:

primary hypertension
primary hypotension
secondary hypertension
secondary hypotension

A

secondary hypertension

21
Q

When a patient is diagnosted with rheumatic fever; ________ of the heart is a concern.

valvular disease
carotid stenosis
atrial fibrillation
aneurysm

A

valvular disease

Valvular disease- narrowing of the valve, valve cusps do not shut completely, allowing blood to continue to flow when the valve is closed

Rheumatic fever- inflammatory condition that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin

22
Q

A condition of the heart, where the ventricles cannot pump enough blood to reach the all the body tissues:

hypotension
tachycardia
cardioversion
congestive heart failure

A

congestive heart failure

23
Q

A patient with a history of CAD and uncontrolled hypertension, who complains of shortness of breath during exertion might be suspected of having:

acute respiratory distress syndrome
chronic obstructive lung disease
left ventricular heart failure
right ventricular heart failure

A

left ventricular heart failure

left ventricle- oxygenated blood to body
right ventricle- deoxygenated blood to lungs

24
Q

What happens when a clot, air, or other foreign material moving through the circulatory system clogs or blocks a blood vessel?

thrombus
embolism
aneurysm
atherosclerosis

A

embolism

25
Q

A venous thrombosis can lead to ______ a life threatening condition requiring immediate intervention.

atherosclerosis
coronary artery disease
pulmonary embolism
tetralogy of Fallot

A

pulmonary embolism

26
Q

The risk factors that help decrease atherosclerosis within a patient’s control:

  1. decreased low density lipoprotein
  2. increased high density lipoprotein
  3. reduce/control hypertension
  4. become less sedentary

1 and 2 only
1, 3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3, and 4

A

1, 2, 3, and 4

Atherosclerosis- degenerative condition that affects (narows) the major arteries of the body.

Low density lipoprotein- bad cholesterole
High density lipoprotein- good cholesterole

27
Q

Which of the following are non-invasive imaging modalities typically used to diagnosis coronary artery disease?

  1. nuclear medicine SPECT
  2. MRI/CT
  3. chest radiography
  4. echocardiography

1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2, 3, and 4

A

1, 2 and 4 only

nuclear medicine SPECT
MRI/CT
echocardiography

Pathology (14 decks)

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