Central Nervous System Flashcards
Match the word root (combining form) with the description that best fits:
medull(o)
meningi(o)
myel(o)
my(o)
middle part of… or of cerebellum origins.
muscle.
meninges.
bone marrow or spinal cord.
medull(o) - middle part of… or of cerebellum origins.
meningi(o) - meninges.
myel(o) - bone marrow or spinal cord.
my(o) - muscle.
Match the term with its best description:
ischemia
infarct
stroke
thrombus
death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply.
blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel.
cerebral vascular accident.
less-than-normal amount of blood flow to part of your body.
ischemia - less-than-normal amount of blood flow to part of your body.
infarct - death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply.
stroke - cerebral vascular accident.
thrombus - blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel.
Match the prefix or suffix with the description that fits best:
hydro-
hemo-
-cele
-sis
hernia
water
process
blood
hydro: water
hemo: blood
-cele: hernia
-sis: process
What is the preferred medical imaging modality for most conditions of the central nervous system?
radiography
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
CT
MRI
MRI
A congenital condition where there is a protrusion of both the meninges and the spinal cord into the skin of the back due to failure of the bony neural arch of the spine to completely close:
meningocele
meningomyelocele
myelocele
encephalitis
meningomyelocele
Meningocele- only the meninges protrude
Myelocele- protrusion of the spinal cord
An excessive accumulation of CSF within the ventricles that can be either congenital or acquired:
glioma
encephalitis
brain abscess
hydrocephalus
hydrocephalus
What is the most common cause of chronic meningitis?
Bacterial infections
Fungal infections
Viral infections
None of the above
Fungal infections
meningitis- inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord
encephalitis- inflammation of the brain tissue that is usually viral in nature.
An infection of the brain tissue that is usually viral in nature and may also occur subsequent to conditions such as chickenpox, smallpox, influenza, and measles.
neurofibroma
meningitis
encephalitis
schwannoma
encephalitis
neurofibroma- benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor
meningitis- An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Fungal infections are the most common cause.
Unless treated with antobotics, this fatal condition is due to a trauma or infection that forms an encapsulated accumulation of pus within the cranium:
brain abcess
multiple sclerosis
myelocele
lacunar infection
brain abcess
Patients with degenerative disk disease may experience a sudden and severe onset of sensory or motor dysfunction. This is referred to as:
spondylosis
stenosis
radiculopathy
laminectomy
radiculopathy
A degenerative disease where osteoarthritic changes in the neck leads to the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs) causing stenosis and compression of the nerves; typically demonstrated with oblique cervical x-ray projections:
cervical spondylosis
hydrocephalus
ependymoma
whiplash
cervical spondylosis
A chronic, progressive disease of the nervous system that involves the degeneration of the myelin sheath covering the nervous tissue of the spinal cord and the white matter within the brain which can be seen on MRI:
subdural empyema
multiple sclerosis
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
glioma
multiple sclerosis
A progressive degenerative disease of the brain, associated with older persons, characterized by amyloid β plaques, brain atrophy, and a decline in memory and cognitive function.
Lewy body dementia
vascular dementia
pituitary adenoma
Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer disease
A type of stroke that is caused when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain:
hemorrhagic
aneurysm
ischemic
hyperplastic
ischemic
A type of stroke that is caused when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds into the adjacent brain tissues and structures:
hemiplegic
ischemic
infarctionism
hemorrhagic
hemorrhagic
A lack of blood supply due to a blocked artery can lead to an area of necrosis called a(n):
infarct
ischemia
glioma
meningomyeocele
infarct
Which imaging study is most often used to diagnosis a person with stroke-like symptoms prior to treatment with thrombolytic agents?
3- view skull radiography
T2-weighted MRI
noncontrast CT
calcum scoring
noncontrast CT
Primary brain tumors can be classified by histologic composition as either:
neuroblastoma and neurofibroma
meningoma and medulloblastomas
adenoma and schwannomas
glial and non-glial cells
glial and non-glial cells
A nonglial, slow-growing, generally benign tumor that originates in the arachnoid tissue:
Glioma
Meningioma
Astrocytomas
Medulloblastomas
Meningioma
Glioma- arise from glial cells, most common type of primary intracranial brain tumor
Brain metastasis usually arises from ____________________ carcinoma.
lung
kidney
bladder
liver
lung
A benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue:
brain metastasis
carcinoma
glioma
adenoma
adenoma
Glioma- arise from glial cells, most common type of primary intracranial brain tumor
Carcinoma- type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue.
Forward displacement of one vertebra over another:
tinnitus
acoustic neuroma
spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis
spondylolisthesis
spondylolysis- breaking down of vertebral body between the superior and inferior articular processes
A burst type of fracture of the atlas vertebral arch resulting from a severe axial force that causes compression, as in a diving accident:
intracerebral hematoma
cervical anterospondylolisthesis
hangman’s Fracture
jefferson fracture
jefferson fracture
