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BiSci > SKELETAL SYSTEM (1) > Flashcards

SKELETAL SYSTEM (1) Flashcards

1
Q

bone

A

living connective tissue composed of a hard matrix material and bone cells

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2
Q

compact bone

A

mineralized matrix that gives great strength to bone tissue

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3
Q

spongy bone

A

spaces filled with red marrow found on the ends of long bones with flat bones

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4
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue not as strong as bone tissue

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5
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

ends of long bones, nose, ends of ribs, larynx and trachea

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6
Q

fibrocartilage

A

disks between vertebrae and in the knee and is stronger than hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

elastic cartilage

A

ear flaps and epiglottis and is more flexible than hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

fibrous connective tissue

A

contains rows of cells called fibroblasts separated by bundles of collagenous fibers

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9
Q

ligaments

A

attach bone at joints

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10
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone

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11
Q

periosteum

A

covering the bone contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

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12
Q

red bone marrow

A

makes blood cells; found in spongy bone and flat bones

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13
Q

periosteum

A

living, outer covering of fibrous connective tissue

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14
Q

ligaments

A

fibrous connective tissue that connects bones

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15
Q

osteoblasts (bone cell)

A

bone-forming cells

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16
Q

osteocytes (bone cell)

A

mature bone cells and maintain the structure of the bone

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17
Q

osteoclasts (bone cell)

A

bone-absorbing cells

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18
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

bones develop between sheets of fibrous connective tissue like the cranium

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19
Q

endochondral ossification

A

bone replaces cartilage as do most bones of the skeleton

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20
Q

Bone repair

A
  1. hematoma (6-8 hrs) -a mass of clotted blood
  2. fibrocartilaginous (3 weeks) -fibrocartilage fills spaces between broken bones
  3. bony callus (3-4 months) -fibrocartilage is replaced by bone tissue
  4. remodeling -old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue
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21
Q

endoskeleton

A

internal body framework

  • supports and gives shape to the body
  • protects soft body parts
  • stores minerals and fat
  • along with muscles, permits flexible body movement
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22
Q

axial skeleton

A

lies in the midline of the body

  • skull
  • hyoid bone
23
Q

33 vertebrae

A

vertebral column consists of

24
Q

atlas

A

1st cervical vertebrae and holds up the head

25
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

7 neck vertebrae

26
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12 chest vertebrae (protects the spinal cord)

27
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

5 abdominal vertebrae

28
Q

sternum

A

breastbone; is composed of the manubrium (the handle), the body (the blade), and the xiphoid process

29
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

consists of the bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs

30
Q

fibrous (joint)

A

usually immovable (such as the sutures between cranial bones)

31
Q

cartilaginous (joint)

A

tend to be slightly movable (such as the intervertebral disks)

32
Q

synovial (joint)

A

freely moveable joints (such as the ball and socket hip and shoulder joints, and the hinge knee and elbow joints)

33
Q

synovial membrane

A

produces synovial fluid, and excellent lube for the joints

34
Q

flexion

A

decreases the joint angle

35
Q

extension

A

increases the joint angle

36
Q

adduction

A

movement of the body toward the midline

37
Q

abduction

A

movement of the body away from the midline

38
Q

rotation

A

movement of the body part around its own axis

39
Q

circumduction

A

movement of the body part in a wide circle

40
Q

supination

A

the rotation of the lower arm so that the palm is upward

41
Q

pronation

A

the rotation of the lower arm so that the palm is downward

42
Q

osteoporosis

A

bones are weakened due to a decreased bone mass, can lead to fractures.
-can be treated with drugs, hormones, and life choices

43
Q

osteoarthritis

A

deterioration of cartilage at bone joints

44
Q

humerus

A

bone of the upper arm

45
Q

radius

A

the shorter of the two long bones of the forearm

46
Q

ulna

A

the longer of the two bones of the forearm

47
Q

femur

A

the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body

48
Q

patella

A

the technical name for the kneecap, the triangular-shaped bone at the front of the knee joint

49
Q

tibia

A

the inner and thicker of the two long bones in the lower leg. It is also called the shin bone.

50
Q

fibula

A

the outer and thinner of the two long bones of the lower leg. It is much narrower than the other bone (the shin), to which it runs parallel and to which it is attached at both ends by ligaments.

51
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

52
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

53
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheek bone

54
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

BiSci (19 decks)

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