Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BiSci > BiSci Ch. 2 > Flashcards

BiSci Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

refers to anything that takes up space and has mass. can exist as a solid, liquid, or a gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Element

A

one of the basic building blocks of matter; it cannot be broken down by chemical means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atom

A

is the smallest unit of an element still remains the chemical and physical properties of the element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proton

A

positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neutron

A

uncharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electron Shell

A

the circle around the nucleus, where the average location of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons within the nucleus of the atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mass Number

A

is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atomic Mass

A

the number below the atomic symbol on the periodic table. is the average of the AMU for all the isotopes of that atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isotopes

A

of the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Molecule

A

atoms often bond with one another to form a chemical unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Compound

A

substance having two or more different elements united chemically in a fixed ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ions

A

are particles that carry either a positive or negative charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

atoms share electrons thru this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polar

A

Combination of atoms in which the electrical charge is not distributed symmetrically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another, or between parts of the same molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Calorie

A

is the amount of heat energy of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A Solution

A

contains dissolved substances, which are then called solutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrophobic

A

type of molecule that does not interact with water bc it is non polar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bases

A

are substances that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydrogen ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pH Scale

A

is used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Buffer

A

substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity or basicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Organic Molecule

A

type of molecule that contains canon and hydrogen- and often contains oxygen also.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Macromolecule

A

a molecule that contains many subunits, it uses dehydration reaction, a type of synthesis reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hydrolysis Reaction

A

the components of water are added during the breaking of the bond between molecules.

27
Q

Carbohydrate

A

class of organic compounds that includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

28
Q

Monosaccharide

A

simple sugar; a carb that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis.

29
Q

Glucose

A

six-carbon sugar that organisms degrade as a source of energy during cellular respiration.

30
Q

Disaccharide

A

is made by joining only two monosaccharides together by dehydration reaction.

31
Q

Polysaccharide

A

polymer made from sugar monomers; the starch and glycogen are polymers glucose monomers.

32
Q

Starch

A

storgage polysaccharide found in plants; composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion with few side chains

33
Q

Glycogen

A

storage polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion but having numerous branches.

34
Q

Cellulose

A

also known as fiber; polysaccharide that is the major complex carb in plant cell walls.

35
Q

Lipids

A

class of organic compounds that tends to be soluble only in non polar solvents such as alcohol; includes fats and oils. (not soluble in water)

36
Q

Oils

A

substance, usually of a plant origin and liquid at room temp, formed when a glycerol molecule reacts with three fatty acid molecules.

37
Q

Emulsification

A

breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts or any other emulsifier.

38
Q

Triglyceride

A

neutral fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

39
Q

Fatty Acid

A

molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group.

40
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

fatty acid molecule that lacks double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain.

41
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

fatty acid molecule that has one or more double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain.

42
Q

Trans Fats

A

fats, which occur naturally in meat and dairy products of ruminants, that are also industrially created thru partial hydrogen of plant oils and animal fats

43
Q

Phosholipid

A

lipid molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell`s membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic to two non polar, hydrophobic tails.

44
Q

Steroid

A

type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings; examples are cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterone.

45
Q

Protein

A

molecule consisting of two or more polypeptides.

46
Q

Amino Acid

A

organic molecule having an amino group and an acid group, which covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules.

47
Q

Peptide Bond

A

the covalent bond between two amino acids

48
Q

Polypeptide

A

when three or more amino acids are linked by peptide bonds

49
Q

Denaturation

A

loss of normal shape by enzyme so that it no longer functions; caused by less than optimal pH or temp.

50
Q

Primary Structure

A

the first level of protein organization. is the linear sequence of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

51
Q

Secondary Structure

A

the second level of protein organization. a protein comes about when the polypeptide takes on a certain orientation in space.

52
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

of a protein, is its final three dimensional shape.

53
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

fourth level of protein structure.

54
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

are polymers of nucleotides, store info, include instructions for life, and conduct chemical reactions.

55
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent boning of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms.

56
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three major forms

57
Q

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

nucleotide with three phosphate groups. the breakdown of this into ADP+P makes energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells.

58
Q

Coenzymes

A

nonprotein organic molecules that help regulate enzymatic reactions.

59
Q

Nucleotide

A

monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bounded to a nitrogen-containing base and phosphate group.

60
Q

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine, Uracil (U)

A

the nitrogen bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA.

61
Q

Strand

A

the nucleotides line to make a polynucleotide, which is the backbone make up of phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar.

62
Q

Complementary Base Pairing

A

hydrogen bonding between particular bases; in DNA (T pairs with A, and G pairs with C) in RNA (U pairs with A, and G pairs with C).

63
Q

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

A

nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group to become ATP.

BiSci (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions